Capitalization:
Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence.
Capitalize a proper noun.
Capitalize a person's title when it precedes the name. Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a description following the name.
Do not capitalize names of seasons.
Capitalize words derived from proper nouns.
Grammar:
he = who him = whom
The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.
If a verb follows to, it is called an infinitive phrase and is not the main verb. You will find the main verb either before or after the infinitive phrase.
A verb is a word that shows action
Punctuation:
Commas-use before a coordinating conjunction to connect two independent clauses
use to separate words, phrases, and clauses in a series
use between adjectives that modify the same noun
use to set off unrestrictive modifiers (modifiers that can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence)
use to set off substitute or contrasting phrases unless they are connected by a conjunction
use after a long introductory phrase
use to separate two subordinate clauses that work together
use in a date if the order is month, day, year
don't use in a date if the order is day, month, year, or if just the month and year are used
don't use between subjects and verbs or verbs and objects
don't use to separate compound subjects, objects, or verbs
don't use in page/line numbers, addresses, and four-digit years
Semicolons
use between independent clauses not linked by a conjunction and comma
use in a series where the items in the series contain commas within them
Colons
use to introduce a list, the statement of a rule, or an clarification of what was just said
use to introduce a quotation that does not fit in with the rest of the sentence
use to introduce long quotations that are set off from the main segment
Dashes and Parentheses
dashes are usually typed as two hyphens with no space before, after, or between them
use to surround a phrase that messes up the reader's train of thought
use around a section that may be misinterpreted is surrounded by commas instead
use dashes to introduce a phrase that explains a part preceding it
dashes may replace a colon when introducing a series or list
Hyphens
use between an adverb and the adjective in a compound adjective only if the noun it modifies follows it
use between a number and noun in a compound adjective if it comes before the noun that it modifies
use in compound adjectives if it will prevent misinterpretation
use between two nouns that describe a single thing
use in centuries if it modifies a noun
do not use between two nouns if the first noun modifies the second
do not use in a compound adjective if the adverb in it ends in -ly, too, very, or much
do not use after prefixes unless: it separates the prefix from a word starting with a capital letter, the word might be misunderstood without the hyphen, or there would be a double vowel
Apostrophes
add -'s to singular nouns, irregular plural nouns, and proper nouns to show possession
add -' to show possession in plural nouns ending in s and proper plural nouns
add -'s to the last noun in a series if the ownership of a certain item is shared
add -'s to each noun in the series if the ownership is not shared
use to show the plurals of letters in the alphabet
do not use to show the plurals of abbreviations or numbers
Quotations
use around a word or phrase that is used for a unique purpose in the sentence
use around translations for foreign words
Brackets
use around a parenthesis within another parenthesis
Slashes
use between two opposite words unless they modify another noun, in which case use a hyphen
use to separate parts of a poem used in a quotation
Periods/Question Marks/Exclamation Points (placing)
put the question mark within a quotation if the quotation is a question
put the question mark outside the quotation if the sentence containing it is a question
Spacing
it is allowed to put two spaces after any concluding punctuation | 
