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| speaking words unlike what is actually meant, "i LOVE writing papers", sarcasm |
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| condensed, memorable saying embodying an important fact of experience |
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| word play that exploits similar-sounding words for humor |
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| style or manner of expression by an author or character in a book |
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| voice of the person telling the story, uses "I" and "me" |
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| narrator tells story through his or her own eyes |
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| narrator presents the story but does not judge or interpret events |
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| 3rd person, all-knowing narrator, describes action, dialogue and characters' thoughts |
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| focuses on a single character's experience |
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| story is told by someone who is not involved in the story |
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| perspective switches between characters like in "Animorphs" |
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| address an imaginary person or personified object or idea |
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| understatement for rhetorical effect, "she was not a little upset" for "she was angry" |
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| direct comparison, "he IS a lion in battle" |
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| indirect comparison that uses "like" or "as" |
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| opposite of exaggeration, develops irony or humor; "it's just a flesh wound" |
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| figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole, "all hands on deck" |
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| discussion that argues in favor or against a point |
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| describes a person, place, thing or idea |
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| explains a topic, usually presenting a problem and a solution |
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| provides an account of events |
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| longer than a short story, shorter than a novel |
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