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| the repetition of initial consonant sounds or any vowel sounds within a formal grouping, such as a poetic line or stanza, or in close proximity in prose |
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| comparison of two things that are alike in some respects. Metaphors and similies are both types of analogy |
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| ordinary language; the vernacular. for example, depending on where in the United States you live, a sandwhich is called a sub, a grinder, or a hero |
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| the dictionary definition of a word; the direct and specific meaning |
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| a piece of literature contained in or carried on by letters |
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| retrospection, where an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of a narrative |
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| a person or thing that makes another seems better by contrast |
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| to hint at or present things to come in a story or play |
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| term used to describe literary forms, such as tragedy, comedy, novel, or essay |
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| sensory details in a work; the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, call to mind an idea, or describe an object. imagery involves any or all of the five senses |
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| the attitude of a literary work takes toward its subject and theme. It reflects the narrator's attitude. |
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| the strict meaning of a word or words; not figurative or exaggerated |
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| placing of two items side by side to create a certain effect; reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose |
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| the implicit comparison or identification of one thing with another unlike itself without the use of a verbal signal such as like or as. one thing is pictured as if it were something else, suggesting a likeness or analogy between them. |
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| the feeling or ambience resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrator's attitude and point of view. The effect is created through descriptions of feelings of objects that establish a particular feeling such as gloom, fear, or hope. |
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| the 'character' who 'tells' the story |
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| a word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes, such as buzz or hiss |
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| treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by giving it human qualities |
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| the view the reader gets of the action and characters in the story |
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| a character;s view of the situation or events in the story |
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| the time and place of the action in a story, poem, or play |
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| a direct comparison of one thing to another, usually using the words like or as to draw the connection |
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| the person - not necessarily the author - who is the voice of the poem or story |
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| a person, place, thing, event, or pattern in a literary work that designates itself and at the same time figuratively represents something else. the use of one object to suggest another hidden object or meaning. |
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| the central or dominant idea or concern of a work; the main idea or meaning |
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| irony (verbal/dramatic/situational) |
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| a situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant. Irony is frequently humorous, and can be sarcastic when using words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean |
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| occurs when the fact that the audience knows more than a particular character becomes apparent, especially by some statement of the character |
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| occurs when the intended meaning is the opposite of the words that are actually said |
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| refers to situations in which what happens is at odds with the audience's expectations. Unintentional. |
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| a form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually bittery or harshly critical. for example, a coach saying to a player who misses the ball, "nice catch." |
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| the reasoning process by which a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises and contains no more facts than these premises |
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| investigations, based on observations |
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| the acknowledged or unacknowledged source of words of the story; the speaker, a 'person' telling the story or poem |
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| pun using sexual connotation/risque |
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| story with moral; history, event, bible |
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| allegory (moral) uses animals |
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in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of) the subject with which it is to be compared
ex: this land belongs to the crown
ex: "the pen is mightier than the sword" |
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is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa).
ex: Farmer Jones has three hired hands.
ex:"all hands on deck" |
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| rename, modifies noun, George W., the President |
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| descriptive, Alexander the Great, derrogatory (mean) -> racial epithet |
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the counterpart of understatement, deliberately exaggerates conditions for emphasis or effect
ex: this stuff is motor oil compared to what you make |
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it deliberately downplays an idea
"i would only be a little disappointed if you died at such a young age" said his mother |
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substitution of an agreeable or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant
ex: he has passed away
ex: collateral damage vs. civilian deaths
ex: differently abled vs. handicapped |
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a phrase that appears to be a contradiction but has some truth to it
ex: "the next time i have a daughter, i hope it's a boy." Paul Lynde |
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a two word paradox
ex: "safe sex", "alone together", "genuine imitation", "organized chaos" |
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indicated by a series of three periods, the ellipsis indicates that some material have been omitted from a given text.
ex: "...[ordinary] everyday cars that aren't" |
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the presentation of two contrasting images.
ex: "to be or not to be..."
ex: "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country" |
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when the speaker interrupts his argument or flow of words to insert an emotional response or words that are not needed
ex: The tunnel wound on and on, going fairly but not quite straight into the side of the hill—The Hill, as all the people for many miles round called it—and many little round doors opened out of it |
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a final form of hyperbaton, consists of a word, phrase, or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another sentence
ex: by a calculation - and here we see vaue of updated information - showed how it was possible that that event could occur |
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| what is implied by the word. for example, the words sweet, gay, and awesome have connotations that are quite different from their actual definitions |
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