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AP English - Final Review Flashcards - Semester 1
N/A
66
English
11th Grade
12/12/2011

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Cards

Term
Anadiplosis
Definition
Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of following clause.

Ex: "The crime was common, common be the pain."
Term
Anaphora
Definition
The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive clauses.
Term
Antimetabole
Definition
Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in revers grammatical order.

Ex: "one should eat to live, not live to eat."
Term
Antithesis
Definition
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often used in parallel structure.

Ex: "What if I am rich, and another is poor - strong, and he is weak..."
Term
Apposition
Definition
Placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation of modification of the first.

Ex: "the mountain was the earth, her home."
Term
Asyndeton
Definition
Deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses.

Ex: I came, I saw, I conquered."
Term
Chiasmus
Definition
Reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses.
Term
Climax
Definition
Arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance.
Term
Ellipsis
Definition
Deliberate omission of a word or words which are readily implied by the context.
Term
Epanalepsis
Definition
Repetition at the end of a clause of the word that ocurred at the beginning of the clause.

Ex: "Blood hath brought blood, and blows of answered blows: Strength match'd with strength..."
Term
Epistrophe
Definition
Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses.

Ex: "...we will be as strong as we need to be for as long as we need to be."
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Term
Isocolon
Definition
A scheme of parallel structure which occurs when the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length. (number of words or even number of syllables)
Term
Parallelism
Definition
Similarity of structure in a pair of series of related word, phrases, or clauses.
Term
Parenthesis
Definition
Insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentences.
Term
Polyptoton
Definition
Repetition of words derived from the same root.

Ex: "Choosy mothers choose Jif"
Term
Polysyndeton
Definition
Deliberate misuse of many conjunctions.
Term
Rhetorical Questions
Definition
a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered
Term
Declarative Sentence
Definition
A sentence (in the indicative mood) that makes a declaration.
Term
Interrogative Sentence
Definition
A sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply.
Term
Imperative Sentence
Definition
The imperative mood (abbreviated) expresses direct commands or requests as a grammatical mood. These commands or requests tell the audience to act a certain way. It also may signal a prohibition, permission, or any other kind of exhortation.
Term
Exclamatory Sentence
Definition
A sentence that expresses strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point.
Term
Simple Sentence
Definition
A sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.
Term
Compound Sentence
Definition
A sentence with more than one subject or predicate.
Term
Complex Sentence
Definition
A sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.
Term
Compound-Complex Sentence
Definition
A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Term
Periodic Sentence
Definition
A sentence whose main clause appears at its end.
Term
Cumulative Sentence
Definition
Main clause first then the rest of the sentence.
Term
Dependent Clause
Definition
A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
Term
Independent Clause
Definition
A clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Term
Analysis
Definition
Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.
Term
Summary
Definition
A brief statement or account of the main points of something.
Term
Steps in Analysis
Definition
1.Read over the essay several times
2.Tear apart the essay's structure
3.Write an outline
4.Write the paper
Term
Diction
Definition
The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
Term
Syntax
Definition
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Term
Imagery
Definition
Visually descriptive or figurative language, esp. in a literary work.
Term
Figurative Language
Definition
Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. See Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole
Term
Structure
Definition
A type or mode of language or speech.
Term
Tone
Definition
the writer's attitude toward the material and/or readers. Tone may be playful, formal, intimate, angry, serious, ironic, outraged, baffled, tender, serene, depressed, etc.
Term
Defend
Definition
Speak or write in favor of (an action or person); attempt to justify
Term
Refute
Definition
Prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove
Term
Qualify
Definition
add some information, evidence, or phrase in order to make it less strong or less generalized
Term
Claim
Definition
An argument statement
Term
Evidence
Definition
The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
Term
Warrant
Definition
Justify or necessitate (a certain course of action).
Term
Rhetorical Triangle
Definition
A diagram showing the relations of writer or speaker, reader or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation.

OR

analysis of an argument in terms of its message (logos), audience (pathos) and presenter (ethos).

OR

Connecting speaker, subject, and audience all together.
Term
Candid
Definition
Truthful and straightforward; frank.
Term
Enthusiastic
Definition
Having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.
Term
Colloquial
Definition
Used in ordinary conversation; not formal or literary.
Term
Condemnatory
Definition
expressing strong disapproval or censure
Term
Outraged
Definition
Shockingly bad or excessive.
Term
Hysterical
Definition
Deriving from or affected by uncontrolled extreme emotion
Term
Consoling
Definition
Comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment.
Term
Supportive
Definition
Providing encouragement or emotional help.
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
Showing approval of or favor toward an idea or action
Term
Sneering
Definition
Smile or speak in a contemptuous or mocking manner
Term
Condescending
Definition
Acting in a way that betrays a feeling of patronizing superiority.
Term
Judgmental
Definition
Having or displaying an excessively critical point of view.
Term
Conventions
Definition
A rule, method, or practice established by usage
Term
Capitalization
Definition
Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter as an upper case and the remaining letters in lower case.
Term
Analysis VS. Summary
Definition
ANALYSIS is examination, evaluation, dissection, interpretation, original opinion, reading
between the lines, connecting to other knowledge, etc. It is the goal of most expository
essays. The analyzer starts with a quotation or question and uses it to show his/her
understating and interpretation.

SUMMARY is recapitulation, review, retelling a story or scene without original thoughts or
interpretations. Summary is not the goal of expository essays. It is usually easier than
analysis because it requires less thought. Assume that the reader of your essay knows the
story and needs just the slightest reminder
Term
Argumentation
Definition
The act or process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to a case in discussion
Term
Underlining VS. Quotation Marks
Definition
Underlining when writing a title.
Quotation Marks when typing a title.
Term
Punctuation
Definition
Symbols that indicate the structure and organization of written language, as well as intonation and pauses to be observed when reading aloud.
Term
Grammar
Definition
A particular analysis of the system and structure of language or of a specific language
Term
Capitalization
Definition
Capitalization (or capitalisation -- see spelling differences) is writing a word with its first letter as a majuscule (upper-case letter) and the remaining letters in minuscules (lower-case letters), in those writing systems which have a case distinction.
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