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| repetition of the word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause |
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| the repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive clauses |
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| repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order |
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| the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often used in parallel structure |
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| placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first |
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| deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses |
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| (the "criss-cross") reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses |
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| arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing importance |
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| deliberate omission of a word or words which are readily implied by the context |
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| repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause |
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| repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses |
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| an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally |
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| a scheme of parallel structure which occurs when the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length |
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| similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses |
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| insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentences |
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| repetition of words derived from the same root |
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| deliberate use of many conjunctions |
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| a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered |
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summary-merely stating what the author wrote about and what kinds of rhetoric he used
analysis- goes deeper than summary. WARRANT: why the author used the devices he did and how it impacted the piece. |
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| the words the author chooses to use, taking special attention to their connotation |
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| grammatical arrangements of words in a sentence (see flashcards on syntax) |
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| language that excites the emotions; very descriptive |
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| language that uses figures of speech, such as similes, metaphors and hyperbole |
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| the grammatical arrangements of words in a sentence (syntax) |
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| the attitude the author has toward the subject, made evident by his other rhetorical choices |
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Term
| defend, refute, or qualify |
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Definition
defend- to agree with a statement and use evidence to support it
refute- to disagree with a statement and use evidence to prove it incorrect
qualify- to give evidence to both sides of an argument |
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| states your position on the issue you have chosen to write about |
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| data which you cite to support your claim |
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| interprets the data and shows how it supports your claim |
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| speaker<-->subject<-->audience<-->(speaker) |
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| underlining vs. quotation marks |
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Definition
underlining=the title of a book
quotation marks=the title of a shorter work (i.e. essay) |
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| beginning of sentences, personal nouns, and titles |
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Term
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Definition
prepositional phrase-made up of preposition+object
appositive phrase-a noun that renames the noun before it
Infinitive- to+verb
Gerund-verb+ing, acts as a noun
Participle- verb+ing/ed, acts as an adjective |
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Term
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Definition
dependent-subject+verb+incomplete thought a clause with a weakening word (subordinating conjunction or relative pronouns)
independent- subject+verb+a complete thought
Subordinating Conjunction- makes a clause dependent i.e. because, than
Relative Pronoun- who, that, which
Coordinating Conjunctions- combine independent clauses (FANBOYS) |
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Term
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Definition
periods, exclamations, question marks end sentences.
Commas used in lists, conjunctions, separate phrases from the rest of the sentence, separates parenthetical elements, coordinating adjectives, and to avoid confusion |
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Term
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Definition
declarative-. to make a statement
interrogative-? to ask questions
imperative-. to give orders
exclamatory-! to exclaim something, yell |
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simple- a sentence containing one independent clause
compound- a sentence containing two independent clauses, linked by a coordinating conjunction or semi-colon
complex- a sentence containing one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
compound-complex- a sentence containing a compound sentence and one or more dependent clauses |
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periodic- a sentence with many lead-ins and a subject and verb at the end
cumulative- a sentence with the main idea at the beginning, followed by elaboration |
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| free from reservation, disguise, or subterfuge; straightforward |
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| lively and interested; excited |
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| ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informa |
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| serving to express an unfavorable or adverse judgment on |
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| powerful feelings of resentment or anger aroused by something perceived as an injury, insult, or injustice |
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| alleviating or lessening the grief, sorrow, or disappointment of; giving solace or comfort |
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| providing sympathy or encouragement; agreeing with another's cause |
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| characterized by, proceeding from, exhibiting, or feeling sympathy; sympathizing; compassionate |
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| ridicule and mockery; contempt |
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| authoritative and often having critical opinions |
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The introduction states the authors purpose and makes a claim about the way he achieves his purpose.
Body paragraphs-write smaller claims, evidence, and warrant as many times as needed.
Conclusion wraps up the purpose. |
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