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| The part of the government composed of technical experts and others who remain from administration to administration. |
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| Principle that requires a prime minister and government to retain the support of a parliamentary majority. |
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| Term devised in the 1960s to describe a new type of political party that plays down ideology in favor of slogans, telegenic candidates, and the like. |
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| Germany’s Christian Democratic Union; Germany’s leading right-of-center party; similar parties exist elsewhere where there is a large Catholic population. |
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| Culture characterized by trust, legitimacy, and limited involvement, which some theorists believe is most conducive to democracy. |
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| the web of membership in social and political groups that some analysts believe is needed to sustain democracy. |
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| Deep and long-lasting political divisions. |
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| An alliance, especially a temporary one, of people, factions, parties, or nations. |
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| A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. |
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| Mechanisms through which votes are cast and tallied, and seats in the legislature are allotted. |
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| Right-wing regimes, often drawing on racist philosophies in countries such as Germany and Japan between the two world wars. |
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| In Japan, France, and Germany, refers to cooperation among government, business, and other interest groups. |
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| An organization formed to work for the views of a relatively narrow group of people, such as a trade union or business association. |
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| Governments in industrialized democracies that pursue an active economic policy. |
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| A variety of close relationships between business leaders, politicians, and civil servants. |
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| Economic policy that stresses a limited government role. |
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| Political groups favoring change, often of an egalitarian nature. |
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| A key concept stressing the degree to which people accept and endorse their regime. |
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| favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs; noting or pertaining to a political party advocating measures of progressive political reform. |
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| Elected members of the British or other parliament. |
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| Philosophies or attitudes that stress the importance of extending the power or support for a nation; government takeover of private business. |
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| Organization that contests elections or otherwise contends for power. |
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| Society in which the dominant industries are in the service and high-tech sectors. |
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| Theory that young middle-class voters are likely to support environmentalism, feminism, and other “new” issues. |
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| The selling off of state-owned companies. |
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| Proportional Representation |
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| Electoral system in which parties receive a number of seats in parliament proportionate to their share of the vote. |
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| People to the left of center; French party that was radical by nineteenth-century standards, which is to say it favored democracy, capitalism, and anticlericalism. |
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| A shift in the basic electoral balance of power in which substantial groups in a society change their long-term party identification. |
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| Political forces favoring the status quo or a return to earlier policies and values. |
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| In a democracy, the principle that legal rules rather than arbitrary and personal decisions determine what happens. |
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| Electoral system in which only one representative is chosen from each constituency. |
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| Philosophy that rejects revolution and prefers moderate socialistic and other egalitarian reforms enacted through the parliamentary process. |
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| The right to vote in political elections. |
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| In a parliamentary system, a vote in which the members express their support for (or opposition to) the government’s policies. If it loses, the government must resign. |
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