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| The amount of development an ecosystem can bear. |
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| Racial, ethnic, or linguistic groups that today are often the source of political violence. |
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| The imposition of stipulations before the granting of loans by the IMF, World Bank, and other international financial institutions. |
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| The massive accumulation of loans taken out by third world countries and owed to northern banks and governments from the 1970s onward. |
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| The inability of third world countries to pay back their loans to northern creditors. |
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| A radical critique of mainstream economic theory that stresses the continued power the north has over the third world. |
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| Suggests why countries were eager to pursue what amounted to economic nationalism. Divide the world in two. On one side are the wealthy, capitalist nations of the north. On the other are the poor, underdeveloped third world countries that remain victims and de facto colonies of the north, whatever their legal status. They focus on the economic rather than the political implications of imperialism and stress how the regions that became the third world were forced into the global capitalist system. |
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| Systems in which the government loses the ability to provide even the most basic services. |
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| Money or goods provided by richer countries to help poorer ones develop. |
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| Religious beliefs of a literal nature that often lead to right-wing political views. |
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| Currencies that can be traded openly on international markets. |
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| Human Development Index (HDI) |
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| The UN’s best indicator of social development. |
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| The policy of colonizing other countries—literally, establishing empires. |
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| Development strategy that uses tariffs and other barriers to imports, and therefore stimulates domestic industries. |
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| British and other colonial procedures through which “natives” were used to carry out colonial rule. |
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| Lending and development strategy that stresses small loans for new businesses, developed by the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. |
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| Newly Industrializing Countries |
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| Countries in the third world that have made major strides toward industrialization. |
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| Companies owned or controlled by the state in the third world. |
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| Neofeudal relations in which “patrons” gain the support of “clients” through the mutual exchange of benefits and obligations. |
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| Development strategy that stresses integration into global markets, privatization, and so on. |
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Definition
| One in which peasants predominate and grow food and other crops primarily for domestic consumption. |
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| Informal term for the poorest countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. |
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