Term
1. Organic chemistry
2. Hydrocarbon |
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Definition
1. The chemistry of carbon compounds
2. Compounds containing only carbon and hydorgen |
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Term
| List some basic facts about carbon bonding |
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Definition
Carbon forms more compounds than any other element
Each atom required 4 covalent bonds
Carbon can form long chains and rings
Bonds commonly to O, H, N, S, P and halogens |
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Term
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Definition
A series of hydrocarbons with only one single covalent bonds
General formula: CnH2n+2 |
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Term
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Definition
A series of hydrocarbons containing at least double covalent bond
General formula: CnH2n |
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Term
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Definition
A series of hydorcarbons containing at least one triple covalent bond
General formula: CnH2n-2 |
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Term
| List prefixes for naming hydrocarbons for 1-10 carbons in a molecule |
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Definition
1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec |
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Term
| List names for alkanes with 1 to 10 carbons in a molecular chain |
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Definition
1.methane
2. ethane
3.propane
4.butane
5.pentane
6.hexane
7.heptane
8.octane
9.nonane
10.decane
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Term
Substitution reaction
Which elements commonly substitute in alkanes? |
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Definition
| A reaction where one of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon is replaced by another. Usually a halogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alkane which has a ring structure instead of chain |
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Term
Saturated and unsaturated
Which are saturated?
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes |
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Definition
A compound only containing single covalent bonds is saturated. Alkanes are saturated
A compound containing double or triple bonds is unsaturated. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated |
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Term
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Definition
| In an unsaturated hydrocarbon two atoms may be added to the structure across a double or triple bond |
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Term
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Definition
Unsaturated ring structures with six carbon atoms
General formula: CnH2n-6
Benzene is the simplest aromatic |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas (different connectivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| During cracking, long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| The combining of a saturated alkane with an unsaturated alkene |
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Term
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Definition
The combination of two are more unsaturated molecules to form a larger chain molecule.
This is how plastics are made |
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Term
| Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation |
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Definition
Hydrogenation - the process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon
Dehydrogenation - the process of removing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrocarbons which contain the hydroxyl functional group (OH-) attached to a saturated carbon
R-O-H |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon containing the aldehyde functional group |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon containing the carboxyl functional group |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon containing a keytone functional group |
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Term
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Definition
A hydrocarbon containing an ether functional group
R-O-R |
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Term
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Definition
A hydrocarbon containing an amine functional group
R-NH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon containing an ester functional group |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol to form an ester |
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Term
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Definition
| By reacting two primary alcohols |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds which contain an amine and a carboxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| By the oxidation of a secondary alcohol |
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Term
| Compare primary and secondary alcohols |
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Definition
Primary: the OH- group is attached to the end carbon of the chain
Secondary - the carbon bearing the OH- group is directly attached to two other carbons |
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Term
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Definition
Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Usually the H:O ratio is 1:2
examples: sugars and straches |
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Term
| Monosaccharide and polysaccharide |
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Definition
Monosaccharide: a simple carbohydrate with a six carbon formula
Polysaccharide: made of more than one monosaccharide (strach, cellulose, dextrin) |
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