Empirical formula

What are the molecular and empirical formulas of Peroxide?

An expression which gives the relative numbers of atoms of the elements in a molecule. Expressed as the lowest possible set of integers.

(H₂O₂, HO)

Molecular formula

What is the molecular formula for Ammonia?

An expression stating the number and kind of each atom present in a molecule or substance.

(NH₃ has 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms in each molecule.)

Structural Formula

A formula showing the connectivity of the atoms in a molecule.

Positive Ion which elements tend to form them?

Negative Ion which elements tend to form them?

1. Metals tend to form positive ions by losing electrons.

        (Na→ Na⁺ + e^-)

2. Non-metals form negative ions by gaining electrons.

    (Cl + e^- → Cl^-)

How was each ion formed?

1. Na⁺¹
2. Cl^-1
3. O^-2
4. Al⁺³
5. Mg⁺²

1. Na atom loses 1 electron
2. Cl atom gains 1 electron
3. O atom gains 2 electrons
4. Al atom loses 3 electrons
5. Mg atom loses 2 electrons

Write oxidation numbers for ions of-

Group IA and IIA

Group VIA and VIIA

IA → +1

IIA → +2

VIA → -2

VIIA → -1

Write oxidation numbers for ions of-

1. Sodium
2. Chlorine
3. Magnesium
4. Oxygen

1. Na(Group IA) +1
2. Cl(Group VIIA) -1
3. Mg(Group IIA) +2
4. O(Group VIIA) -2

Write formulas for polyatomic ions-

1. Ammonium
2. Nitrate
3. Hydroxide
4. Sulfate

1. Ammonium: NH₄⁺¹
2. Nitrate: NO₃^-1
3. Hydroxide: OH^-1
4. Sulfate: SO₄^-2

Write names for polyatomic ions-

1. NO₂^-1
2. SO₃^-2
3. PO₄^-3
4. CrO₄^-2
5. C₂H₃O₂^-1

1. Nitrite
2. Sulfite
3. Phosphate
4. Chromate
5. Acetate

Write formulas for polyatomic ions-

1. Perchlorate
2. Hypochlorite
3. Dichromate

1. ClO₄^-1
2. ClO^-1
3. Cr₂O₇^-2

Write oxidation numbers-

1. Iron
2. Copper
3. Silver
4. Zinc
5. Nickel
6. Lead

1. Iron +2 or +3
2. Copper +1 or +2
3. Silver +1
4. Zinc +2
5. Nickel +2
6. Lead +2

Write formula for compounds of-

1. Sodium and Chlorine
2. Calcium and Iodine
3. Aluminum and Oxygen

1. NaCl
2. CaI₂
3. Al₂O₃

Write formula for compounds of-

1. Sodium and Sulfate
2. Magnesium and Nitrate
3. Aluminum and Phosphate

1. Na₂SO₄
2. Mg(NO₂)₂
3. AlPO₄

Names of ionic compounds-

1. KBr
2. Al(NO₃)₃
3. NH₄ClO₃

1. Potassium bromide
2. Aluminum nitrate
3. Ammonium chlorate

Names of ionic compounds-

1. FeCl₃
2. FeO
3. Cu(OH)₂
4. Cu₃PO₄

1. Iron (III) chloride
2. Iron (II) oxide
3. Copper (II) hydroxide
4. Copper (I) phosphate

10 Prefixes used to name covalent compounds 

• Mono.. 1
• Di.. 2
• Tri.. 3
• Tetra.. 4
• Penta.. 5
• Hexa.. 6
• Hepta.. 7
• Octa.. 8
• Nona.. 9
• Deca.. 10

Names of covalent compounds

1. PCl₅
2. CO₂
3. CO
4. N₂O₄

1. Phosporous pentachloride
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Dinitrogen tetroxide

Formulas and names of acid formed form-

1. F
2. Cl
3. Br
4. I

1. HF - hydrofluoric acid
2. HCl - hydrochloric acid
3. HBr - hydrobromic acid
4. HI - hydrodic acid

Formulas of acid-

1. Nitric
2. Sulfurous
3. Carbonic
4. Perchloric

1. HNO₃
2. H₂SO₃
3. H₂CO₃
4. HClO₄

Names of acids-

1. H₂SO₄
2. HNO₂
3. H₃PO₄
4. HClO

1. Sulfuric acid
2. Nitrous acid
3. Phosphoric acid
4. Hypochlorous acid

Formulas of-

1. Ammonia
2. Sodium Hydroxide
3. Carbon Dioxide

1. NH₃
2. NaOH
3. CO₂

Formulas of-

1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Sulfuric acid
3. Methane

1. HCl
2. H₂SO₄
3. CH₄

Formulas of-

1. Nitric acid
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Ozone

1. HNO₃
2. CO
3. O₃

Write the equation for Percent Composition. What is the percent composition of Ca in Ca(OH)₂?

% = (m_E/FW)(100%)

% = percent composition of the element

m_E = mass of element inone formula unit

FW = formula weight

(40/70)(100%) = 54% Ca in Ca(OH)₂