Term
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Definition
site of protein synthesis
sometimes on endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
filled with ydrolitic enzymes
"garbage man"
fuses with vacuole to deliver enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| has H2O2 in it, also catalase |
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Term
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Definition
| stores food, waste, water |
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Term
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Definition
protection,
shape,
prevents excess uptake of H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| release energy from sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| capture sun energy and convert it to chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
flowing-
phospholipids in constant motion, proteins drift |
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Term
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Definition
| variety of proteins embedded and attached to membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the extracellular side varies in composition from the inside |
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Term
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Definition
hydrophilic head,
hydrophobic tail,
makes amphipathic |
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Term
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Definition
embedded in membrane:
transport,
enzymatic,
help stuff get through,
signal transduction,
cell recognition,
intercellular joining,
attach to cytoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
on inner surface-
attach to cytoskeleton,
signal transduction |
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Term
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Definition
-at moderate temperatures, maintains fluidity (prevents phospholipids from moving too much)
-at low temperatures, prevent solidification (prevent packing) |
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Term
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Definition
oligo- few
saccharides- sugars
-surgace "carbochains" attached to lipids or proteins
-job: cell-cell recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| selectively permeable due to its structure |
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Term
| CAN pass through lipid bilayer |
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Definition
-hydrocarbons (C-H)
-CO2, O2
-hydrophobic (nonpolar)
-polar: only if very small (H2O) |
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Term
| CANNOT pass though lipid bilayer |
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Definition
-ions (charged)
-glucose
-hydrophilic (polar)
-proteins assist with transport via active transport or facilitated diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| does not require energy because molecules move from higher concentration to lower (higher energy to lower energy) |
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Term
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Definition
-movement is random
-down the concentratoin gradient: difference in concentration
-moves until equilibrium is reached: still more at equilibrium, but no net movement |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water across a membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration (low solute to high solute) |
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Term
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Definition
| two solutions with equal solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
solution with lower solvent
(hypo-hippo-hippos are lazy-they move LESS-have LESS solute) |
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Term
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Definition
solution with higher solute
(hyper-I'm hyper when I have a lot of sugar-sugar is a solute-LOTS of solute) |
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Term
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Definition
-cell and solution are isotonic
-no net water movement overall |
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Term
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Definition
-cytolysis
-solution is hypotonic
-cell is hypertonic |
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Term
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Definition
-plasmolysis
-solutoin is hypertonic
-cell is hypotonic |
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Term
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Definition
-isotonic
-cell is flacid
-plant wilts |
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Term
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Definition
-cell becomes turgid
-increase in Turgor pressure
-solution is hypotonic
-cell is hypertonic
-cell is happy |
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Term
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Definition
-cell is so sad
-plasmolysis |
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Term
| osmoregulations: paramecium |
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Definition
cell: hyper
environment: hypo
water: enters
-contractile vacuole pumps water out |
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Term
| osmoregulations: fresh water bony fish |
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Definition
cells: hyper
environment: hypo
-don't drink water, excrete large volumes of watery urine |
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Term
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Definition
cells: hypo
environment: hyper
-drink large amounts of water
-gills pump excess salt out |
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Term
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Definition
diffuision of solutes across membrane with help of proteins
-no energy
-high to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
-proteins are specific
-often involves conformation change of protein |
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Term
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Definition
-transport proteins specific to water
-dramatically increases water movement |
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Term
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Definition
-requires cellular energy: ATP
-materials move against their gradient (or due to their size)
-low to high |
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Term
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Definition
-requires APT materials
-go from low to high concentration
-cell actively pumps H+ out
-diffusion of H+ back in is coupled with sucrose transport |
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Term
| receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| for grabbing specific substances |
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Term
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Definition
| grabs food and turns it into a "food pocket" |
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Term
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Definition
| grabs solutes outside of cell and makes a "pocket" |
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