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AP Biology
Chromosomes and Human Inheritance
13
Biology
12th Grade
05/04/2011

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Term
Sex Chromosome
Definition
one of two kinds of homologous chromosomes that dictate the gender of the new individual
Term
autosomes
Definition
any chromosome of a type that is the same in both males and females
Term
karyotype
Definition
preparation of an individual's metaphase chromosomes arranged by length, centromere location, and shape
Term
reciprocal crosses
Definition
a paired cross that may identify the role of parental sex on the inheritance of a trait. in the second cross, a trait characteristic of each sex is reversed compared to the original cross
Term
pedigree
Definition
chart of genetic connections among descendants
Term
deletion
Definition
the loss of some portion of a chromosome (by unequal crossovers, inversions, or chemical attacks)
Term
duplication
Definition
base sequence in DNA that has been repeated two or more times
Term
translocation
Definition
attachment of a piece of a broken chromosome to another chromosome. (also a mechanism of movement of organic compounds in the phloem)
Term
aneuploidy
Definition
cells usually have one extra or one less chromosome
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
one of more pairs of chromosomes do not separate as they should during mitosis or meiosis
Term
polyploidy
Definition
cells having three or more of each type of chromosome
Term
syndrome
Definition
set of symptoms that characterize a medical condition
Term
genetic abnormality
Definition
a rare or uncommon version of a trait
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