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| A model for the origin of the universe. A nearly instantaneous distribution of all matter and energy through all of space. |
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| Born 5 billion years ago, bits of matter resulting from explosions of dying stars gravitated toward one another creating the sun. |
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| A cloud consisting of mostly hydrogen gas, along with water, iron, silicates, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, methane, formaldehyde, and other small inorganic and organic substances. |
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| The result of the growth of clumps of minerals and ice at a cosmic cloud's perimeter. |
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| Transitional forms between simple organic compounds and the first living cells. Membrane-bound sacs that contained systems of enzymes and other self-replicating agents of metabolism. |
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| Model for a time prior to the evolution of DNA; a self-replicating system chemically involved which RNA strands were templates for protein synthesis. |
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| Cyclic Pathway of Photosynthesis |
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| A novel mode of nutrition that resulted from mutations that led to modifications in radiation-sensitive pigments, electron transfer chains, and other metabolic machinery. |
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| Fossilized remains of dome-shaped mats of shallow-water communities, cyanobacterial species especially, that were infiltrated with dissolved minerals and fine sediments. |
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| Stopped the further chemical origin of living cells and caused aerobic respiration to evolve and in time become the dominant energy-releasing pathway. |
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| Earliest form of eukaryotes able to assign to a modern group. The red alga lived 1.2 billion years ago and was the first multicelled eukaryotic species to be discovered. It is also one of the earliest practitioners of sexual reproduction. |
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| An intimate, permanent ecological interaction in which one species lives and reproduces in the other's body to the benifit of one or both. |
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| First eukaryotic cells containing a nucleus, an endomembrane system, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. |
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