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AP Biology
Chapter 3: Molecules of Life
25
Biology
12th Grade
04/29/2011

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Term
organic compounds
Definition
molecules of life
Term
hydrocarbons
Definition
consist of only hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to carbon
Term
functional groups
Definition
particular atoms or clusters of atoms covalently bonded to carbon
Term
monomers
Definition
individual subunits
Term
polymers
Definition
consist of three to millions of subunits that may or may not be identical
Term
alcohols
Definition
have one or more hydroxyl groups
Term
enzymes
Definition
a class of proteins that cause metabolic reactions to proceed much faster than they would on their own
Term
condensation reaction
Definition
enzymes split an -OH and an H from another molecule to make water
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
works the opposite of condensation reactions. it splits water molecules and bonds them to the exposed sites
Term
lipids
Definition
do not dissolve in water but mix with other non polar substances
Term
fats
Definition
lipids with one tow or three fatty acids dangling like tails from a glycerol molecule
Term
fatty acid
Definition
starts as a carboxyl group attached to a backbone of as many as thirty six carbon atoms
Term
triglycerides
Definition
three fatty tails linked to one glycerol
Term
phospholipids
Definition
have a glycerol backbone, two nonpolar fatty acid tails, and a polar head
Term
waxes
Definition
have long-chain fatty acids tightly packed and bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings
Term
sterols
Definition
have no fatty acids
Term
amino acid
Definition
small organic compound with an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and one or more atoms called its R group
Term
polypeptide chain
Definition
consists of three or more amino acids
Term
heme
Definition
a large organic molecule with an iron atom at its center
Term
denaturation
Definition
when polypeptide chains unwind and change shape
Term
ATP
Definition
three phosphate groups attached to its sugar, and can store and release energy that is needed for metabolism
Term
coenzymes
Definition
necessary for enzyme function, they move electrons and hydrogen from one reaction site to another
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
covalently bonded nucleotides and phosphate groups
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribosenucleic acid. codes for proteins and contain ATGC
Term
RNA
Definition
have 4 types of RNA, they are single stranded and instead of thymine there is uracil
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