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| a type of photoautrotoph once grouped with other green algae but now known to be more closely related to land plants. |
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| the first seedless vascular plants; originated in Gondwana lowlands |
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| distributed water and mineral ions from roots to all plant parts. |
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| picked up and distributed sugars and other photosynthetic products |
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| haploid multicelled body in which haploid gametes form |
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| haploid reproductive cells that are not gametes and do not take part in fertilization. They stay dormant until conditions favor growth, at which time they germinate and develop into gametophytes. |
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| with tissue systems that conduct water and solutes in roots, stems and leaves. |
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| lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns |
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| cycads, ginkgos, gnedtophytes, and conifers, a group of seed bearing vascular plants |
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| vascular, seed bearing plants as well, but they alone make flowers |
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| a tiny structure that forms from microspores; consists of a sturdy wall around a few cells that will develop into a mature, sperm bearing, male gametophyte. |
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| include 24,000 species of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Non-vascular land plant. The haploid stage dominates its life cycle, and its sperm require standing water to reach eggs. |
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| a root-like absorptive structure. |
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| compressed, soggy, acidic mat of accumulated remains by descent. |
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| branching, short, mainly horizontal absorptive stems that grow underground. |
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| any cone like reproductive structure derived from modified leaves. |
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| start of pollen grains; walled structures that protect male gametophytes inside. |
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| refers to the actual arrival of pollen on female reproductive parts of a seed plant. |
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| form in ovules that stay attached to the parent plant. |
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| starts as a tiny mass of sporophyte tissue. |
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| woody trees and shrubs, typically with needle like or scale like leaves. |
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| reproductive structures with many ovules wedged between clusters of papery or woody scales. |
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| a gymnosperm of subtropical or tropical habitats; pollen bearing and seed bearing stobili on separate plants. |
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| a deciduous gymnosperm; it's ancestors were diverse in dinosaur times. |
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| include topical trees, leathery leafed veins and desert shrubs. |
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| a specialized reproductive shoot. |
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| two or more species jointly evolving because of their lose ecological interactions. |
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| one of three major flowering plant groups; e.g., magnolias, avocados |
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| flowering plant characterized by having embryos with two cotyledons; net veined leaves; and floral parts in fours, fives, or multiples of these. |
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| flowering plant characterized by embryo sporophytes having one cotyledon; floral parts usually in threes (or multiples of three)often parallel veined leaves. |
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| Structure of a typical modern flower |
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