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| "A specialized reproductive shoot", that develops on a sporophyte. Spores and gametophytes originate inside this. A _____ develops from a lateral bud. Many _____ have one carpel; others have two or more carpels fully or partly fused together. They contain stamens and carpels (perfect), but some species produce _____ with stamens or carpels (imperfect). |
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| The main reproductive mode of a flowering plant cycle. It requires the formation of spores and gametophytes. |
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| A spore-producing body that grows by mitotic cell divisions from a fertilized egg. Fusion of a haploid sperm with a haploid egg at fertilization results in a diploid zygote that grows into a new _____. |
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| Structures that produce male or female gametophytes. The haploid spores (2 kinds) that form inside flowers, are the start of this structure. Sperm develop in male _____ and eggs develop in female_____. |
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| These consist of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues like other plant parts. |
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| They are male floral reproductive structures, often fused to the calyx at their base. They contain a filament and an anther. |
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| A ring of sepals. All sepals combined make up the _____. |
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| A ring of nonfertile petals. Inside the _____, the other two whorls of modified leaves from fertile parts are stamens and carpels. All petals combined make up the flower's _____. |
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| Female floral reproductive parts. _____ may be positioned higher or lower than the other three whorls; in some cases they are even embedded in receptacle tissues. They contain a stigma, style, and ovary. |
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| A carpels sticky or hairlike upper portion. A _____ can gently trap pollen grains. The _____ often is borne on the style. |
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| A slender stalk in the carpel. |
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| Structures that contain male gametophytes. Walled, haploid spores from in the pollen sacs of an anther and give rise to _____. The wall structure help _____ adhere to and germinate on a receptive stigma. Male gametophytes are contained in _____. |
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| Usually borne on a thin filament. A typical _____has two to six pairs of pollen sacs. |
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| Each carpel's lower portion, the _____, is a chamber in which one or more ovules form. Sperm fertilize eggs inside _____. |
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| A female reproductive structure that consists of a female gametophyte (with egg cell), nutrient-rich tissue, and a jacket of cell layers. After sperm fertilize eggs inside ovaries, their jacket becomes a seed coat. |
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| pollinators that help get sperm to eggs. |
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| Any agents that deliver pollen grains to structures that house female gametophytes. Ex: Winds |
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| Flowers of specific sizes, shapes, colors, and patterns attract specific kinds of pollinators. |
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| Those pollinators who don't have acute vision have special sensory receptors that help them follow the concentration gradient of a volatile chemical to its source. |
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| A sucrose-rich fluid that is secreted from a tissue connected to the phloem. _____ is the only food for most butterflies and the fuel of choice for hummingbird flight. |
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| A richer food source that offers a lot of vitamins and mineral ions. |
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| 2 Step Process. 1. Brings together the male and female gametes to form a zygote. 2. Produces endosperm that will nourish the zygote as it develops. |
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| _____ has its own wall, which includes species-specific molecules. Cells in the pollen sacs undergo meiosis and cytoplasmic divisions, where _____ are formed. |
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| _____ forms in ovules. _____ are four haploid spores. _____ are usually larger than the microscopes that form in anthers. |
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| The arrival of pollen grains on a receptive stigma. |
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| Flowering plants undergo this. One sperm nucleus from he pollen tube fuses with an egg nucleus- then forming a zygote. |
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| A nutritive tissue found only in seeds of the flowering plats. _____ sustains the rapid growth of the sporophyte seedling until photosynthesis get under way, right after a seed germinates |
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| Seed leaves that develop from two lobes of meristematic tissue. Embryos of all monocots have _____. |
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| Seeds that only have one cotyledon. |
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| Seeds that have two parts. |
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| A mature ovary, with or without accessory tissues. |
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| The predominant mode among flowering plants. |
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| Many species also reproduce this mode. _____ permits rapid production of genetically identical offspring. |
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| Many flowering plants reproduce asexually this way. The new roots and and shoots grow right out from extensions or fragments of parent plants. It involves mitotic cell divisions and cell differentiation. |
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| Another asexual reproductive mode which cause embryos to develop from unfertilized eggs or somatic cells in ovules. |
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| Tissue Culture Propagation |
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| Often used to produce clones of a plant. |
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