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| The hypothesis that glaciers covered the planet's land masses from pole to pole 750 to 570 million years ago. |
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| The supercontinent formed near the end of the Paleozoic era when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together. |
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| Te incorrect notion that life can emerge from inanimate material. |
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| A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. |
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| A taxonomic category, the second broadest after Domain. |
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| The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. |
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| The most recent organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend. Thus it is the most recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth. |
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| A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. A eukaryote has a nucleus and organelles. |
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| A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. |
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| A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. |
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| Movement toward or away from a stimulus. |
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| A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions. |
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| An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide. |
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| An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances. |
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| An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form. |
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| An organism that most consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. |
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| An organism that acts as a decomposer by absorbing nutrients from dead organic matter. |
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| An organism that absorbs nutrients from the body fluids of living hosts. |
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| The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes into nitrogenous compounds that can be directly used by plants. |
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| An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it. |
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| An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration of oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. |
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| An organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it. |
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| A microorganism that lives in extreme environments It is further classified as either mathanogens, extreme halophiles, or extreme thermophiles. |
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| A microorganism that obtains energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product |
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| A microorganism that lives in unusually highly saline environments, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. |
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| Microorganisms that thrive in hot environments (often 60-80C). |
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| An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact. |
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| A toxic protein secreted by a bacterial cell that produces specific symptoms even in the absence of the bacterium. |
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| A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for generalized symptoms of fever and ache. |
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