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AP Biology Midterm Vocabulary
biology terms
19
Biology
12th Grade
01/16/2009

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Term
phosphate group
Definition
phosphorus is single bonded to each of four oxygens, and the other one of the oxygens is attached to the rest of the molecule
Term
geometric isomer
Definition
one of several organic compounds that have same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangement of atoms
Term
sulfhydryl group
Definition
functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-SH)
Term
enantiomer
Definition
one of two molecules that are mirror images of each other
Term
hydroxyl group
Definition
a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alchohols.
Term
functional group
Definition
specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involves in chemical reactions
Term
alcohol fermentation
Definition
conversion of pyruvate to carbon dixide and ethyl alcohol
Term
alcohol
Definition
any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon of an akyl
Term
aldehyde
Definition
organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group
Term
hydrocarbon
Definition
an organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
Term
carbonyl group
Definition
a functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
Term
thiol
Definition
compound that contains sulfhydryl group (mercaptan)
Term
structural isomer
Definition
one of several organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
Term
isomer
Definition
one of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. Three types are structural, geometric, enantiomers
Term
organic chemistry
Definition
study of carbon compounds (organic compounds)
Term
ketone
Definition
carbonly group linked to two other carbon atoms
Term
carboxyl group
Definition
a unctional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group
Term
amine
Definition
organic compound and functional group that contains a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair
Term
amino group
Definition
functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring of 1+.
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