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Definition
| membrane proteins use cellular energy to move molecules or ions across plasma membranes against their concentration gradients |
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| Anchor the cell membrane to the inner cytoskeleton, to proteins outside the cell, and to other cells |
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Definition
| defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent |
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Definition
| Attach cells together found these are found where cells need to adhere tightly together under the stress of movement |
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Definition
| the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Definition
| movement of particles or large molecules into a cell occurs when the plasma membrane engulfs a substance in a membranous sac that pinches off, entering the cytoplasm. |
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| proteins that promote chemical reactions that synthesize or break apart biological molecules |
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Definition
| Movement of particles or large molecules out of the cell |
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Definition
| Water soluble molecules like ions, amino acids, and sugars diffuse down their concentration gradients with the aid of channel and carrier transport proteins |
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| Cell-to-cell protein channels allowing for passage of hormones, nutrients, and ions in animal cells |
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Definition
| Proteins that have this attached on their outer membrane surface |
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Definition
| a physical difference in temperature, pressure, charge, or concentration of a particular substance in a fluid between two adjoining regions of space |
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Definition
| a solution with a greater solute concentration |
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| a solution that has a lower solute concentration |
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Definition
| solutions that have equal concentrations of water and equal concentrations of dissolved substances |
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Definition
| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher free water concentration to a region of lower free water concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of substances across a membrane down a gradient of concentration, pressure, or electrical charge; does not require cellular energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant cells have holes in the walls of adjacent cells forming cytoplasmic connections |
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Term
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Definition
| these trigger cellular responses upon binding of specific molecules, such as hormones, sent by other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| these are glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell. Allow your immune cells to ignore the tags labeled as “self” and attack foreign invaders |
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Term
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Definition
| they allow only certain ions or molecules to permeate |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that can be dissolved (dispersed as atoms, ions, or molecules) in a solvent |
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Definition
| a fluid capable of dissolving a solute |
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Definition
| these make cell attachments leakproof |
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Term
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Definition
| these regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules through the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria cells |
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