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Animals
Plants
Bacteria & Fungi |
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Biological
Physical
Chemical |
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78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
.03 Carbon Dioxide |
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| Chemical equation for air |
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| Everything outside the living organism |
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| Gradual change of organisms and the environment over geologic time |
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| Chemical uniqueness means that they have ___ |
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| Where animals are located |
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Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere |
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| Reduction division - cell division |
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| 1 cell into 4 cells. Take full set of chromosomes and reduce it to half. |
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| Only has one set of chromosomes |
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Powerhouse of the cell.
Releases the energy.
Moves the tail of the sperm. |
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Powerhouse of the cell.
Releases the energy.
Moves the tail of the sperm. |
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| The mitochondria does these things |
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| All respiration takes places in the ___ |
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| A central fluid-filled cavity in most animals, which the cells are arranged around. |
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| The cavities in the animal's body that make it possible to live |
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| Have a true nucleus, with a nuclear membrane surrounding all nuclear material |
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| Membranes are extremely important because they are ___ |
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| Allows anything to move in and out |
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| Bad, because the nucleus is the information center. |
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| Is a permable nucleus good or bad? |
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| If something is ___, it means nothing can get in |
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| The difference between DNA and RNA is ___ |
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| DNA can't get out, but RNA can. |
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| A differentially permabile membrane means that ______ |
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| DNA ___ ___ so it can go through the membrane to be read |
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| By having Uracil instead of Thymine. |
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| How does RNA get through the membrane when DNA can't? |
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Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine |
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| The 4 letters in a DNA molecule |
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| The chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that instead of __ there is ___ |
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| Stage in the life cycle of a metazoan that is a hollow ball at the 32-64 cell stage |
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| a in front of a word = ___ |
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| Which layer of hair contains the pigment? |
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| Protiens are made up of ___ |
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Regulatory (enzymes)
Carrier |
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| 2 types of functional protiens |
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| Protien that moves materials within the cell and between cells |
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| Protien that can either speed up or slow down a chemical reaction |
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| Macromolecules (chemical components) in the nucleus that hold genetic information |
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| The readers of genetic code |
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| The site where the reading is done takes place in the ___ |
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| The "Factory" where the genetic code is read |
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| Manufactured by DNA in the nucleus |
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| The messenger RNA has the pattern for the ___ RNA |
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| The ___ ___ picks up the amino acids, carries it to ribosomes, and puts them into the protiens |
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| Sugars, Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen |
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| Complex sugar, hard to break up |
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Theory of Evolution
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance |
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| Factors that all organisms and matter must deal with |
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First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics |
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| First law of thermodynamics |
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| Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be transformed |
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| Second law of thermodynamics |
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| Physical systems tend to proceed toward a state of great disorder, or entropy |
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| Perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, natural selection |
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| Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance |
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| Hereditary factors are discrete and nonblending, and a new genetic variant therefore could presist unaltered from one generation to the next |
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| 3 parts of the scientific method |
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| A statement or proposition that can be tested by observation or experiment. |
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| A scientific hypothesis or set of related hypotheses that offer powerful explanations for a wide variety of related phenomena and serve to organize scientific investigation of those phenomena |
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| A powerful scientific theory that explains diverse observations and guides active research. Such as Darwin's theory of common descent of life. |
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| Empirical investigation of proximate causes in biology using the experimental method. |
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| Empirical investigation of ultimate causes in biology using the comparative method. |
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| Entomology: The study of ___ |
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| Helminthology: The study of ___ |
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| Herpetology: The study of ___ |
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| Ichthyology: The study of ___ |
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| Mammalogy: The study of ___ |
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| Ornithology: The study of ___ |
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| Parasitology: The study of ___ |
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| Protozoology: The study of ___ |
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| Single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms. |
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| Study of the metabolic processes of living organisms. |
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| Living technology; genetic manipulation. |
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| Study of the development and life cycle of the organism |
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| Groups of cells with similar functions |
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| A way of asking questions and finding precise answers |
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| Where animals are located on the Earth |
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1. Macromolecules (chemical uniqueness)
2. Development
3. Growth
4. Adaptation
5. Irritability
6. Genetic program
7. Elimination of wastes
8. Obtain food
9. Biological reproduction
10. Evolution
11. Metabolism |
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| Characteristics of Living Systems |
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-Carbohydrates-
Monosaccharides together make: |
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-Carbohydrates-
Polysaccharides together make |
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Protiens
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Lipids |
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| Four types of macromolecules |
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| Two types of phoshpolipids |
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Zygote
Immature organism
Mature organism
Reproducing organism |
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| 4 stages of development in a life cycle |
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Fertilization
Meiosis
Growth |
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| 3 Processes of development |
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| Any characteristic of an organism that has survival value. |
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Morphological
Anatomical
Physiological
Behavioral |
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Which type of adaptation:
Shape of the bird's head = ___ |
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Which type of adaptation:
Birds have hollow bones = ___ |
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Which type of adaptation:
Bird's kidneys don't hold urine = ___ |
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Which type of adaptation:
Birds migrate = ___ |
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| Rapid response to a stimulus |
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Phototropism
Thermo "
Geo "
Rheo "
Thigmo " |
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| All of the chemical reactions |
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| Keyword in metabolism, meaning balance |
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Photosynthesis (plants)
Assimilation (animals) |
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Obtain food
Digestion
Respiration
Eliminate wastes
Reproduction
Have some immunity
Have some protection
Rest/relaxation
Awareness of environment
Adaptations
Growth |
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Definition
| 11 Requirements for Living |
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Animal complexity
Ecology
Ethology
Taxonomy |
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Protoplasm
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism |
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| Hierarchy of Animal Complexity |
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Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Ecosphere |
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Post anal tail
Thyroid
Notochord
Dorsal tubular nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches (gill slits) |
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Mammary glands
Four-chambered heart
Hair |
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| Characteristics of Mammalia |
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Pith (medulla)
Cortex
Cuticle |
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5 phalanges w/ nails on hands and feet
Opposable thumb
Vision beyond most mammals
Brain can reason and learn |
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| Characteristics of Primates |
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Hind limbs for locomotion
Fore limbs for other activities |
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| Characteristics of Homonids |
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| How we live, division of labor |
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| Reasoning--highest level of Homo |
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| Characteristics of sapiens |
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Chemical Uniqueness (Macromolecules)
Evnironmental Interaction
-Irritability
Metabolism
- Ana: Assimilation
- Cata: Digestion + Respiration
Reproduction
- Asexual
- Sexual
(Heredity ; Variation)
Development (Life Cycle)
-Metamorphosis
Complexity and Hierarchical Organization
Possess a Genetic Program(Code) |
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| General Properties of Living Systems |
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1. Bilateral symmetry; segmented body; three germ layers; well developed coelom
2. Notochord
3. Single, dorsal, tubular nerve cord
4. Pharyngeal pouches
5. Endostyle or thyroid gland
6. Postanal tail
7. Complete digestive system
8. Segmentation |
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| A skeletal rod prsent at some stage in the life cycle |
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| Single, dorsal, tubular nerve cord |
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| Anterior end of this cord is usually enlarged to form the brain |
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| Present at some stage in the life cycle; in aquatic chordates these develop into pharyngeal slits |
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| Endostyle ; thyroid gland |
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| ___ in floor or pharynx or a ___ ___ derived from the endostyle |
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| Projects beyond the anus at some stage but may or may not persist |
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| If present, restriced to outer body wall, head, and tail and not extending into coelom |
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Notochord
Fibrous sheath
Elastic sheath |
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