Term
| Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complicated molecules, and catabolic release energy. |
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Definition
| Contrast the catabolic and anabolic pathways. |
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Definition
| associated with relative motion of objects |
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Definition
| kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules |
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Definition
| potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| every energy transfer/transformation increases the disorder of the universe |
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Definition
| measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when the temperature is right |
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Term
| Exergonic reactions release free energy, while endergonic reactions absorb free energy |
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Definition
| Contrast exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of: free energy, stability, capacity to do work |
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Term
| No; they are at a minimum of G |
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Definition
| Can a closed system at equilibrium do work? Why or why not? |
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Term
(a) Mechanical- ATP phosphorylates motor proteins
(b) Transport- phosphorylation of transport proteins
(c) Chemical- ATP phosphorylates key reactants |
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Definition
| List and give an example of the three main kinds of cellular work done by ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that can couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis directly to endergonic processes by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to some other molecule, such as the reactant |
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Term
| Energy coupling uses an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. If the change in G of an endergonic reaction is less than the amount of energy released by ATP hydrolysis, then the 2 reactions can be coupled so that, overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic. |
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Definition
| In your own words, explain the concept of coupled reactions and ATP doing work |
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Term
| The key to coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions is the use and regeneration of ATP |
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Definition
| What is the relationship between exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions, and the use and regeneration of ATP? |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier, or hill, so that the "downhill" part of the reaction can begin |
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Definition
| the reactant an enzyme acts on |
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Term
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Definition
| complex in which the enzyme binds to its substrate (or substrates, when there are 2 or more reactants) |
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Term
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Definition
| a restricted region of the enzyme molecule that actually binds to the substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction |
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Term
| Up to a point, the rate of an enzymatic reaction increases with increasing temperature. Enzymes are most active within the range of pH 6-8 |
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Definition
| How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity? |
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Term
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Definition
| directly compete with substrate to bind to the enzyme at the active site |
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Term
| Noncompetitive inhibitors |
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Definition
| impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme |
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Definition
| any case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site |
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Definition
| a mechanism that amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates |
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Definition
| a metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway |
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