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| The broad region that corresponds to the length of the thick filaments |
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| One of the three binding sites for tRNA during translation; it holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain; A stands for aminoacyl-tRNA site |
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| The body cavity in mammals that primary houses parts parts of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems; it is separated from the more cranial thoracic cavity by the diaphragm |
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| Nonliving chemical and physical factors in the environment |
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| Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presense or absense of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells; the ABO blood group phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O |
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| A plant hormone that generally acts to inhibit growth, promote dormancy, and help the plant tolerate stressful conditions |
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| The uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body; the third main stage of food processing, following digestion |
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| The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light |
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| The very deep benethic communities near the bottom of the ocean; this region is characterized by continuous cold, extremely high water pressure, low nutrients, and near or total absense of light |
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| A group of ancient jawed fishes from the Devonian period |
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| Physiological adjustment to a change in an environmental factor |
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| The automatic adjustment of an eye to focus on near objects |
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| Acetyl CoA (Acetyl Coenzyme A) |
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Definition
| The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme |
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| One of the most common neurotransmitters; functions by binding to receptors and altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the membrane |
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| A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
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| A mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juice |
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| Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6 |
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| A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall |
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| The discharge of a sperm's acrosome when the sperm approaches an egg |
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| An organelle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg |
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| A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells |
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| The class of lobe-finned fishes |
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| The class of ray-finned fishes |
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| A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable call, caused by stimulus-triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and potassium ion chemicals |
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| A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light |
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| The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
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| A transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene |
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| Immunity conferred by recovering from an infectious disease |
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| The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds |
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| The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins |
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| An equilibrium state in a population when the gene pool has allele frequencies that maximize the average fitness of a population's members |
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| The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems |
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| Also called the anterior pituitary, it consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones directly into the blood |
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| An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal |
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| The attraction between different kinds of molecules |
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| An endocrine gland located adjacent to the kidney in mammals; composed of two glandular portions; an outer cortex, which responds to endocrine signals in reacting to stress and effecting salt and water balance, and a central medulla, which responds to nervous inputs resulting from stress |
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| The central portion of an adrenal gland, controlled by nerve signals, that secrete the fight-or-flight hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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| A peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex |
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| Roots extending from stems and leaves above ground |
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| Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen |
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| The blood vessel supplying a nephron |
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| A branch of mammals that includes sloths, anteaters, and armadillos |
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| The relative number of individuals of each age in a population |
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| An antibody-mediated immune response in which bacteria or viruses are clumped together, effectively neutralized, and opsonized |
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| A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several cerpels |
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| A member of a jawless class of vertebrae represented today by the lamphreys and hagfishes |
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| A type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates |
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| AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) |
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Definition
| The name of the late stages of HIV infection; defined by a specified reduction of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections |
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| The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol |
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| Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups |
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| An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton |
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| An adrenal hormone that acts on the distal tubules of the kidney to stimulate the re absorption of sodium (Na+) and the passive flow of water from the filtrate |
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| A photosynthetic, plantlike protist |
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| A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus |
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| One of the four extra-embryonic membranes; serves as a repository for the embryo's nitrogenous waste |
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| Alternative versions of a gene |
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| The variation in the relative rates of growth of various parts of the body, which helps shape the organism |
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| A mode of speciation induced when the ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographical barrier |
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| A common type of polyploid species resulting from two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes |
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| An action that occurs either completely or not at all, such as the generation of an action potential by a neuron |
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| A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site |
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| A spiral shape reconstituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure |
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