Term
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Definition
| part of tRNA base pair with codons during translation |
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Term
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Definition
separated and purified the different organic compounds of the bacteria and IDENTIFIED the DNA as responsible for the transformation effect.
"Seperated components put of S-Cells put into R-cells; DNA yields S-Cells" |
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Term
| Bacterial DNA Origin of Replication |
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Definition
| Single origin consosting of specific sequence of nucleotides recognized by protiens that initiate DNA replication |
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Term
| Base Pair mutation missense |
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Definition
| Signals the wrong amino acid |
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Term
| Base Pair mutation nonsense |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
replacement of one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides
can cause missense nonsense |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Chargaff's Rule" = A's pair with T's (U's in RNA), G's pair with C's equal proportion of purines and pyrimidines; amount varied from species to species. |
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Term
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Definition
like a code
in messenger RNA
translated into specific protien or signals stop |
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Term
| Eukaryotic Origins of Replication |
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Definition
Hundreds to thousands
speeds up process |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by insertions or deletions
Reading frame must be group of 3
ex:
Wild Type- the fat cat ate and ate
deletion of e in the- thf atc ata tea nda te |
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Term
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Definition
Produced a picture of the DNA molecule using X-ray crystallography
concluded DNA was composed of two antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones, with the nitrogenous bases paired in the molecule’s interior |
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Term
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Definition
showed that dead bacteria could be transformed into living cells.
"Heat killed S-cells + living R-cells = living S-cells" |
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Term
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Definition
| used green algae; proved that the hereditary material is in the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
They radiolabeled the protein with 35 S and the DNA with 32P in order to “see” which of the molecules actually entered the cell and produced more phage. Used bacteriaphage (T2)
DNA entered cell |
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Term
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Definition
mucleotides added or removed from a sequence
cat -> cagt
cat -> ct |
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Term
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Definition
DNA replication follows a semiconservative model.
One strand old strands paired with new strands. |
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Term
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Definition
| extracted “nuclein”- nucleic acid from human cells and fish sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing |
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Term
| Nucleotide Excision Repair |
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Definition
| Segment of damaged strand cut out by DNA-cutting enzymes and replaced with properly paired nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
changes in just one base pair of a gene
Three kinds:
-substitution
-insertions
-deletions |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA polymerase proofreads newly made DNA replaces incorrect nucleotides at an error rate of about 1 in 10 billion nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Must be in groups of 3 readable to enzymes
The fat cat ate |
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Term
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Definition
nucleosides switched with other nucleotides
cat->cgt |
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Term
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Definition
non-encoding nucleotide repeats that postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA moleculse
(Telmerase makes them) |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA polymerase 2 bindes to iniation complex (TATAA box and promter, transcription factors)-> RNA polymerase 2 pries DNA apart and synthesises RNA in a 5' to 3' direction -> in eukaryotes add poly A-tail and modified nucleotide cap |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small ribosomal subscript binds to mRNA -> anticodon on tRNA binds to codon at the A site -> tRNA translocated to the P site where the amino acid is bound to the polypeptide chain -> tRNA translocated to E site and removed from cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Proposed the double helix structure of DNA (current model) |
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Term
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Definition
Messenger RNA
chemical blueprint for protiens
(DNA copy) |
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Term
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Definition
Ribosomal RNA
part of ribosome
decodes mRNA into amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
transfer RNA
transfers amino acids to growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome |
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