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| 6 Characteristics of Living Things |
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| Cells, Growth, Metabolism, Response, Reproduce, Evolve/Adapt |
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| Levels of Biological Organization |
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| Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
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High Specific Heat = Stable Envir. Temp.
Ice = Insulator for Lakes etc. |
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Short Term Energy
Monosaccharides
CnH2nOn |
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Transfer/Store Genetic Info
Nucleotide
CHOPN |
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Long Term Energy
Triglycerol
CHO |
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Structure/Enzyme
Amino Acid
HNOC |
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Triglycerols - Energy
Phospholipids - Cell Membrane
Steroids - Regulation |
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Pack Close Together
No Double Bond |
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No Double Bond
Can't Pack, Bend |
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Double Bond
No Bend, Pack Together |
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| Level of Protein Structure |
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Definition
Primary - Order of Amino Acids
Secondary - Folds (H-Bonds)
Tertiary - Bridges between R-Groups
Quaternary - Bonding between Polypeptides |
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| Glucose, Galactose, Fructose |
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1/4 OH down
Branches
(Starch, Glycogen) |
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| Pyrimidine Nitrogen Bases |
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Definition
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T) |
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RNA/Protein Synthesizes Polypeptides
Site of Translation for RNA |
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| Semi Selectively Permeable Membrane |
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Polar/Nonpolar Regions
Head = Polar
Tail = Nonpolar |
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| Phospholipid Bilayer, Variety of Embedded Proteins |
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| Functions of Proteins in Membrane |
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| Transport, Enzyme, Receptor, Recognize cells, Link Cells |
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| Move Across Bilipid Layer |
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| Protein moves particle passively |
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[Low in Cell] -> [High in solution]
Cell Size Down |
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[High in Cell] <- [Low in Solution]
Cell Size Up |
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Pressure from inside cell against cell wall
(Hypotonic) |
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Membrane splits from cell wall
(Hypertonic) |
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| enzyme has shape change when bonded w/ substrate |
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| organic cofactor that is necessary for enzyme to work |
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| when concentration levels regulate enzyme |
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| when concentration levels regulate enzyme |
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| breaks down glycose in cytoplasm |
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| constricted area connecting chromatids |
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| sister of homologous pair |
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| separate chromosomes in anaphase |
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| cell prepares for synthesis |
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| spot on chromosome of specific trait |
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| starts rna primer for dna polymerase |
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| base added or deleted in copying |
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| inject dna into bacteria for repro. |
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| carries amino acid to ribosome |
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| complementary base pairing on tRNA |
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| reading rna to make protein |
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| where rna polymerase binds to dna |
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| blocks rna synthetase from copying |
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| bonds to allosteric site of repressor |
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| codes for protein that bonds to operator |
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5' gunanasine cap
poly-a tail
get rid of introns |
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different amino acid to be bonded
can be silent |
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| allolactose (product of lactose) releases repressor so lactase is produced |
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