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Any processes that involve the extraction of raw materials from the earth to be used by consumers. The extractive industry consists of any operations that remove metals, mineral and aggregates from the earth. Examples of extractive processes include oil and gas extraction, mining, dredging and quarrying.
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| a term describing times of agricultural recession, low crop prices and low farm incomes that can lead to farm bankruptcy, family break-ups, and increased rate of farmer suicides. |
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The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain.
-It has influenced the growth of areas and human society |
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: a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market
-Essential to how we live and eat today- necessity for most people’s diets |
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| First agricultural revolution |
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Around 8000 B.C. when humans first domesticated plants and animals.
-This allowed for future generations to grow larger because they no longer we just a hunter gatherer society |
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The technique, occupation, or diversion of catching fish. Fishing provides a food source and employment to society. |
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| A series of organisms interrelated in their feeding habits, the smallest being fed upon by a larger one, which in turn feeds a still larger one, etc. |
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The science of planting and taking care of trees and forests. Trees provide building materials and fuel to society. |
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| Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) |
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Def:
An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Ex:
GloFish, GM fluorescent fish, are the first GMOs to be sold as pets |
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| a system of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization |
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| Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizer. Because of Green Revolution, agricultural productivity at a global scale has increased faster than the population. |
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| The season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can’t grow at their latitude. |
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Def:
The industry and science of plant cultivation.
Ex:
GMOs are a product of a fusion of horticulture and genetic engineering. |
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| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture |
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasibly yield from a parcel of land. Popular in East, South, and Southeast Asia, because the ratio between farmers and arable land is so high, most of the work is done by the family by hand or by animal with processes refined over thousands of years. |
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| Tillage between rows of crops of plants. |
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commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area. Practiced is semi-arid or arid land, where vegetation is too sparse or the soil to too poor to support crops. Prominent in later 19th century in the American West; ranchers free roamed throughout the West, until the U.S. government began selling land to farmers who outlined their farms with barbed wire, forcing the ranchers to establish large ranches to allow their cattle to graze.
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Before the agriculture, humans gained food by hunting for animals, fishing, or gathering plants. They lived in small groups (less than 50 people), traveled frequently following game and seasonal growth of plants |
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