Term
| diazepam (Valium): long acting Benzodiazepine |
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Definition
- controlled substance
- produces skeletal muscle relaxation
- treatment of anxiety, ALS (Lou Gerhig's), alcohol w/drawl, seizure disorder, sedation, and muscle spasm
- contraindicated in liver dysfunction, hypersensitivity to benzos; glaucoma
- SE: hypotension, sedation, N/V, constipation, respiratory depression, neutropenia, dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension
- no concurrent use w/ MAOI, alcohol, & other CNS depressants (toxicity increase w/ barbituates, SSRI's)
- Monitor: BP, CBC, hepatic & renal function
- admin w/ food
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Term
| alprazolm (Xanax): short acting Benzo |
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Definition
- controlled substance
- anxiolytic,used as an adjunctive in depression
- depresses CNS to reduce anxiety, panic disorders
- addictive: not for long term
- dose geriatrics lower
- SE: dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, EKG changes, orthostatic hypotension, headache, blurred vision, tremors
- do NOT take w/ grapefruit juice; increases drug level
- many interactions incl. herbal
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Term
| buspirone (Buspar): action unknown |
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Definition
- doesn't depress CNS, thought to effect serotonin & dopamine
- non-addictive, non sedative
- risk for serotonin syndrome if used w/ antidepressant, requires 2wk washout b/f treatment; MAOI use can raise BP
- may take up to 10-14 days to be effective
- no grapefruit juice
- SE: dizziness, nausea, headache, tachycardia, palpitation, depression
- Monitor: BP
- 80% will do well
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Term
| hydroxzine (Vistaril): antihistamine |
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Definition
- depresses CNS @ subcortical level incl. libic systems and reticular formation
- provides calming effect, sedation, pro op anxiety
- SE: orthostatic/positional hypotension
- caution when driving due to drowsiness, caution in elders, hepatic dysfunction
- many interactions
- Monitor: BP, lying, sitting, standing; Z-track if IM
- rapid onset
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Term
| clonazepam (Klonopin): benzo; anticonvulsant |
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Definition
- GABA receptor inhibitor
- prophylaxis for seizures & treatment of panic disorders
- SE: behavioral changes, drowsiness, Ataxia (difficulty walking)
- Monitor: CBC, liver function tests
- therapeutic serum concentrations: 20-80 mg/mL
- >80 mg/mL = OVERDOSE!!
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Term
lorazapam (Ativan): rapid onset Benzo; antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic
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Definition
- depress CNS; less addictive than Xanax
- treat short term relief of anxiety disorder & injectible pre-op sedation
- also used to as anticonvulsant, antiemetic as a tremor drug
- SE: apnea, cardiac arrest, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy
- Monitor: renal/hepatic function
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