Term
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Definition
| fear of places where help might not be available in case of emergency, reinforced to avoid these situations; associated with panic disorder |
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Term
| Cognitive Theories (of social phobias) |
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Definition
| social phobia develops in people with excessively high standards for their social performance, who assume others judge them harshly, and who are attentive to signs of social rejection |
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Term
| Systematic Desensitization therapy |
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Definition
| behavioral treatment; gradually exposes the person to a hierarchy of fears while the person practices techniques to reduce the fear response |
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Term
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Definition
| behavioral treatment; therapist models behaviors most feared by the client before asking the client to engage in behaviors |
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Term
| flooding (aka implosive therapy) |
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Definition
| behavioral treatment; intensively exposes the client to the feared object until anxiety extinguishes |
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Term
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Definition
| trade name BuSpar; drug that appears to alleviate the symptoms of GAD for some, has very few side effects and is unlikely to lead to physical dependence |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| chronic anxiety in everyday life; show excessive worry and anxiety, difficulty in controlling the worry, and at least three symptoms on the DSM for six months |
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Term
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| obsessions- thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that are persistent and individual feels anxiety or stress over; compulsions- repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he/she must perform. OCD- an anxiety disorder bc people feel anxiety over obsessions/compulsions; he/she recognizes these are excessive or unreasonable |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the basal ganglia; only allows the strongest impulses (originating in the orbital region of the frontal cortex) to be carried to the thalamus (where further thought and possible action is considered); in OCD considered to allow too many impulses reach the thalamus, causing excessive thought and action |
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Term
| biological treatment of OCD |
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Definition
| paxil, prozac; any serotonin-enhancing drugs; serotonin rich in areas attributed to OCD (orbital frontal cortex and caudate nucleus) |
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Term
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Definition
| short, intensive periods during which an individual experiences physiological and cognitive symptoms of anxiety, characterized by intense fear and discomfort and feeling they are dying |
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Term
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Definition
| panic attacks become more common, not provoked by any particular situation, and when a person begins to worry about having attacks (with changes in behavior as a result) |
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Term
| kindling model of panic disorder |
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Definition
| suggests that poor regulation in the locus cereleus initiates panic attacks, lowering the threshold for chronic anxiety in the limbic system; this chronic anxiety then increases the likelihood of dysregulation in the locus ceruleus, inducing more frequent panic attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain stem involved in emergency responses, may be involved in panic attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| a heightened awareness that a panic attack may soon happen; increased in people prone to panic attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| suppress the central nervous system and influence functioning in the GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurotransmitter systems; 1)physically addictive, 2) interfere with cognitive and motor functioning, 3)panic attacks begin again shortly after discontinued use |
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Term
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Definition
| harsh self-standards people feel they must meet in order to be acceptable; arises from unconditional positive regard from significant others during childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain that relays information from the primitive brain stem about changes in bodily functions to the cortex, where the information is interpreted |
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Term
| prepared classical conditioning |
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Definition
| theory that evolution has prepared people to be easily conditioned to fear objects or situations that were dangerous in ancient times (ex. spiders and snakes) |
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Term
| applied tension technique |
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Definition
| technique used to treat blood-injection-injury type phobias in which the therapist teaches the client to increase blood pressure and heart (to prevent fainting) |
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Term
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Definition
| we face a real danger or threat |
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Term
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Definition
| we are repeatedly prevented from expressing our id impulses, and the energy of those impulses not being allowed to release causes anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| we have been punished for expressing our id impulses, and we come to associate those impulses with punishment, thus causing anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of behavioral traits including shyness, fearfulness, irritability, cautiousness, and introversion; these children tend to avoid or withdraw from novel situations, are clingy with parents, and become excessively aroused when exposed to unfamiliar situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressed ppl given words with special meaning (failure, disease) and neutral words both in varying colors and asked to say what color each word is, much slower on special meaning words |
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