Term
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Definition
| this is the outlet of the gastrointestinal tract, and is about 3.8cm long in the adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal one is under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system. the external is under voluntary control except for the passing of feces and gas these keep the anal cnal tightly closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| this separates the internal and external sphincters and is palpable |
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Term
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Definition
| ar folds of mucosathey estend vertically down from the rectum and end in the anorectal junction |
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Term
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Definition
| this junction is not palpable, but it is visible on proctoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a space above the anal valve, is a small recess. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is 12cm long, is the distal protion of the large intestine it extends form the sigmoid colon at the level of the third sacral vertebra, and ends at the anal canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rectal interior has three semilunar transverse folds called this. theses cross one half the circumference of the retal lumen. their function is to unclear but they may serve to hold feces as the flatus passes |
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Term
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Definition
this covers only the upper two thirst of the rectum in males it forms the rectovesical puch and then covers the bladder.
in females this is termed the rectouterine pouch and extends down to within 5.5cm of the anal opening |
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Term
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Definition
| this lies infront of the anterior wall of the rectum and 2 cm behind the symphysis pubis. it surrounds the bladder neck and the urethra and has 15-30 ducts that open into the urethra. it secretes a thin, milky fluid that helps sperm viability. |
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Term
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Definition
| these project like rabbit ears above the prostate. they secrete a fluid that is rich in fructose, which nourishes the sperm, and contains prostaglandin. |
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Term
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Definition
| coupers glands are each the size of a pea and are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra. secrete a cleasr viscid mucus. |
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Term
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Definition
| it extended form the iliac flexure of the descending colon and ends at the rectum. it is 40cm long and is accessible to examination only through the colonoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| usual bowl routine, change in bowel habits, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, medication, rectal condition (pruitus, hemorrhoids, fissures, fistuala), family history, self care behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| bowel pain, maybe due to a local condition like hemorrhoid, fissure or constipation |
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Term
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Definition
| black stool may be tarry due to occulat blood from gastrointestinal bleeding, or nontarry from ingestion of iron medication. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive fat in the stool as in malabsorption of fat. |
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Term
| 3 postions for rectal exam |
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Definition
| left lateral, lithotomy, standing |
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Term
| from a right angle, and with index finger extended |
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Definition
| what angle do you never approach the anus from? |
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Term
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Definition
size- 2.5cm long by 4cm wide
shape- should be heart shaped with palpable central groove
surface- smooth
consistency- slightly moveable
sensitity-nontender to palpation |
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Term
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Definition
| this indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding woth blood partially digested |
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Term
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Definition
| absent bile pigment, obstructive jaundice |
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Term
| pale, yellow, greasy stool |
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Definition
| increased fat content as occurs with malabsorption syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| usually indicates cancer of colon |
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Term
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Definition
| a hair containing cyst or sinus located in the midline over the coccyx or lower acrum. often opes as a dimple with visible tufts of hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract creates an abnormal passage from inner anus or rectum out to skin surrounding anus |
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Term
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Definition
| a painful longitudinal tear in the superficial mucose at the anal margin. |
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Term
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Definition
these painless, flabby papules ar edue to a varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus.
external- originates below the anorectal juction and is covered by anal skin
internal- originates above the anorectal junction and is covered by mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| rectal mucous membrane protrudes through the anus, appearing as a moist red doughnut with radiation lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| intense perinal itching manifested by red, raised ,thickened, excoriated skin around the anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a localized cavity of pus from infection in a pararectal space. |
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Term
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Definition
| a protruding growth from the rectal mucous membrane that is fairly common. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of hard, desiccated feces in the rectum. results from decreased bowel motility, in which more water is reabsorbed from the stool |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant neoplasm in the rectum is asymtomatic, this the importance of routine rectal palpation. |
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