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Antiviral drugs
Antiviral drugs, including HIV drugs, that we need to know for ID1
44
Pharmacology
Professional
09/22/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Varivax
Definition
live attenuated varicella vaccine, can be used for post-exposure prophylaxis, one injection for children under 12, two injections for people over 13
Term
Zostavax
Definition
live attenuated varicella vaccine, for prevention of zoster in those over 60 years
Term
Acyclovir
Definition
guanine analogue that requires viral thymidine kinase for activation, treatment for VZV, HSV
Term
Vidarabine
Definition
treatment of herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis, neurotoxicity, requires large volumes of fluid for administration, bone marrow suppression
Term
Valacyclovir
Definition
orally bioavailable drug with same action as guanine analogues, treatment for VZV and HSV
Term
Famiciclovir
Definition
prodrug of penciclovir with similar action as guanine analogues, oral formulation, approved treatment for zoster only
Term
Ganciclovir
Definition
structurally similar to guanine analogues, competitively inhibits deoxyguanosine triphosphate into DNA by viral DNA polymerase, for treatment of CMV
Term
Valganciclovir
Definition
prodrug of Ganciclovir, used for long term treatment of CMV
Term
Foscarnet
Definition
inorganic pyrophosphate analogues, inhibits DNA polymerase by blocking pyrophosphate binding site, only available in IV formulation, high renal toxicity, chelates divalent metal ions, active against CMV, HSV, influenza, HBV, HIV
Term
Cidofovir
Definition
cytosine analogue, significant renal toxicity, very long half life, used to treat resistant CMV
Term
Nasal influenza vaccine
Definition
live attenuated vaccine for healthy, non-pregnant persons from 2 to 49 for the prevention of influenza, contains 2 A strains and one B strain
Term
Injected influenza vaccine
Definition
treatment inactivated vaccine for anyone over 6 months old for prevention of influenza, contains 2 A strains and one B strain
Term
Amantadine/Rimantadine
Definition
active against influenza A, inhibits M2 protein and inhibits viral membrane fusion
Term
Zanamavir
Definition
inhibits neuraminidase of influenza A and B, an inhaled therapy
Term
Oseltamivir
Definition
inhibits neuraminidase of influenza A and B, an oral therapy that may cause psychiatric problems
Term
Gardasil
Definition
HPV4 vaccine that protects against cervical cancer and genital warts, recommended for girls and boys
Term
Cervavax
Definition
HPV2 vaccine that protects against cervical cancer but not genital warts, recommended for girls and young women
Term
Havrix
Definition
HAV vaccine, for travelers and post exposure prophylaxis, administered in 2 doses
Term
Heptavax
Definition
HBV vaccine, for everyone, administered in 3 doses
Term
Interferons
Definition
increases natural killer and cytotoxic T cell activity, three injections a week for 6-12 months, given as treatment for HBV, can cause psych symptoms and flu like symptoms
Term
Lamivudine
Definition
nucleoside analogue that competitively inhibits reverse transcriptase, used for HBV and HIV infection
Term
Adefovir
Definition
nucleotide analogue that inhibits HBV reverse transcriptase
Term
Entecavir
Definition
nucleoside analogue that is good for resistant HBV strains, may cause dizziness, headache, lethargy, GI symptoms and photosensitivity
Term
Telbivudine
Definition
thymidine nucleoside analogue for HBV treatment, may cause elevated CPK and muscle weakness
Term
Tenofovir
Definition
nucleotide to treat HBV that may cause HIV resistance in coinfected patients
Term
Ribaviron
Definition
for treatment of hepatitis C in combination with pegylated interferon alpha, but may cause hemolytic anemia and abnormal fetal development
Term
Pegylated interferon
Definition
increases natural killer and cytotoxic T cell activity, one injection a week for 6-12 months, given as treatment for HBV, can cause psych symptoms and flu like symptoms
Term
Boceprevir
Definition
NS3/4A protease inhibitor for HCV, may cause skin rash
Term
Telaprevir
Definition
NS3/4A protease inhibitor for HCV, may cause anemia
Term
Stavudine
Definition
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Side effects include peripheral neuropathy
Term
Abacavir
Definition
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction with HLAB5701
Term
Nevirapine
Definition
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that causes severe hepatotoxicity
Term
Efavirenz
Definition
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that causes psychiatric symptoms and is teratogenic
Term
Kaletra
Definition
HIV protease inhibitor, combination lopinavir and ritonavir, side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Term
Atazanavir
Definition
HIV protease inhibitor, causes asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia
Term
Tipranavir
Definition
HIV protease inhibitor, causes severe hepatitis
Term
Darunavir
Definition
HIV protease inhibitor, can cause rash
Term
Fuzeon
Definition
Entry inhibitor
Term
Maraviroc
Definition
CCR5 blocking drug
Term
Raltegravir
Definition
inhibits HIV1 integrase, side effects include diarrhea, nausea and fatigue
Term
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Definition
Class of drugs associated with potentially fatal lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis, inhibits HIV via early chain termination
Term
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Definition
Class of drugs associated with rash and CYP affects, noncompetitive inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
Term
Protease inhibitors
Definition
Class of drugs associated with GI symptoms, lipodystrophy, hepatotoxicity, and inhibits CYP3A
Term
Entry inhibitors
Definition
Class of drugs that block chemokine receptors on immune cells
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