Term
|
Definition
| myelosuppression - anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myelosuppression - anemia; longer half life than epoeitin alfa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myelosuppression - hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia ; IL-11 - megakaryotcyte growth factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myelosuppression - infections, fever - leukopenia
- granulocyte CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myelosuppression - infections, fever -leukopenia
- GM CSF |
|
|
Term
| leucovorin (folinic acid) |
|
Definition
myelosuppression - “BM rescue”
- used to treat myelosupp caused by methotrexate (blocks DHF) --> normal cells take it up for synthesis of THF, tumor cells dont take it up so they still die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating (severe N/V) [alkylators- crosslinking or single strand breaks-->damage DNA; teratogenic - most common cancer = AML)
CCNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA; causes chromosomal breaks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- URINARY BLADDER TOX (and ifosamide)
- acrolein metabolite cuases non hemmorhagic ang hemorrhagic cystitis |
|
|
Term
| Na-2-mercaptoethane sulfate (Mesna) |
|
Definition
prevents GU damage caused by cyclophosphamide
- free radical scavenger--> binds acrolein metabolite-->rapid renal clearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- used to kill BM prior to transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- also acts in Go; cross BBB (CNS tumors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- KIDNEYS TOX
- highly emetic, nephrotoxic, hearing loss (gentamicin-like) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alkylating
CCNS
- highly emetic, nephrotoxic, hearing loss (gentamicin-like)
replacing cisplatin bc less toxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti -metab (structural analogs of naturally ocurring bases which are required for synthesis of DNA and RNA)
S phase
- reversible inhibition of DHF Reductase --> prevents synthesis of THF
- tx myelosupp w leucovorin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti -metab
S phase
Antimetabolites - Pyrimidine analog
Broken down into F-dUMP which irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthetase
Lack of thymidylate synthase blocks DNA syntehsis - thymineless death
5-FU is incorporated into mRNA and prevents normal translation.
- topical for actinic keratoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti -metab
S phase
-pyrimidine analog
- used for induction and relapse of AML
- inhibits DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti -metab
S phase
Pyrimidine analog
Inhibits DNA methyltransferase (which normally acts to turn off supressor genes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti -metab
S phase
Purine analog
HGPRT turns 6-MP into 6-TG which blocks purine pathway
This indirectly inhibits synthesis of DNA
- resistance to 6-MP and 6-TG results from decreased activity of HPGRT
- 6MP is degraded by XO--> inhibition of XO by allopurinol accentuates toxicity of 6 MP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
G2 phase
- after binding to DNA, oxygen free radicals are formed whcih cause single and double stranded breaks--> cancer cells accumulate in G2
- NO BONE MARROW DEPRESSION
(LUNG TOX - pulm embolism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
CCNS
- intercalates into dsDNA bw G-C pairs
- DNA dependent RNA synthesis is impaired so protein synthesis blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotic
CCNS
- intercalates into DNA; blocks synthesis of DNA, RNA ; alters ion transport; causes generation of semiquinone and oxygen free radicals
- HEART TOX (anthracycline) [ total cumulative dose determines this] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epipodophyllotoxins
- later S -G2
- stabilize bond b/w Topoisomerase II (dsDNA) and DNA (inhibited)--> DNA degraded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
camptothecins
CCNS
- inhibition of TOPO I (ssDNA)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vinca alkaloid
late G2-early M (M)
-spindle poison
-prevent MT polymerization - spindle cant form ; cells arrest in G2 --> mitotic arrest in metaphase
-PERIPHERAL CNS tox
(neurotox - dose limiting in every patient!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vinca alkaloid
late G2-early M (M)
-spindle poison
-prevent MT polymerization - spindle cant form ; cells arrest in G2 --> mitotic arrest in metaphase
- dose limiting myelosuppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
taxane
M phase
-PERIPHERAL CNS tox
- spindle poison
- stabilized MTs to prevent depolymerization - prevents dynamic instability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
taxane
M phase
- spindle poison
- stabilized MTs to prevent depolymerization - prevents dynamic instability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S phase
- inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
- prevents DNA synthesis
- used to treat sickle cell - turns on HbF in adults --> prevents sickling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CCNS
- hydrolyzes serum asparagine (essential AA for leukemia cells!)
- inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CCNS
- Gleevec
- BCR-ABL in CML
- blocks binding of ATOp to tyrosine kinase and inhibits phosphorylation of kinase substrate --> cell death thru apoptosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CCNS
enhance apoptosis
- inhibits 26S proteasome --> so it cant cause proteolysis of IkB--> it keeps inhibiting NkB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monoclonal Ab
-binds CD20 Ag expressed on all malignant B lymphocytes (90% of NHL) --> cytotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monoclonal Ab
(Herceptin)
- blocks HER2 EGF receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monoclonal Ab
- blocks HER1 EGF receptor (colorectal cancers) |
|
|
