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Definition
FIRST LINE ANTI-TB
USE: tx of TB
Mechanism: unknown, inhibit incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall, only effective against dividing mycobacteria, suppress growth
Other: ORALLY absorbed, excreted unchanged in urine, accumulates in renal failure, resistance is slow
side effects: less common, decreased visual acuity, skin rash, drug fever, pruritis, joint pain, GI upset, headache, dizziness, optic neuritis (cannot tell red from green) |
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Definition
FIRST LINE ANTI-TB
Use: monotherapy when latent and in combo when active TB
mechanism: inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis, bacteriostatic for non-dividing cells, cidal for dividing cells
Other: well absorbed ORALLY or IV dosage (6-12 mo), diffuses readily into all body fluids, penetrates CNS and pleural and ascitic fluid, majority excreted in urine, serum levels increase in hepatic insufficiency, primary resistance is seen
Side effects: rash, fever, hypersensitivity, jaundice, peripheral neuritis
Also used in preventative therapy |
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Term
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Definition
FIRST LINE ANTI-TB
USE: tx of TB
Mechanism: unknown, bactericidal
Other: well absorbed orally, well distributed, metabolized and excreted by kidney, not for monotherapy, resistance rapid if alone
Side effects: liver toxicity, GI |
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Term
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Definition
FIRST LINE ANTI-TB
Use: tuberculosis and nasopharyngeal carriers of N. meningitiduis, NOT useful in monotherapy
Mechanism: inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Other: absorbed ORALLY but reduced by food, elimiated in bile, distributes throughout body and CNS, spontaneous one step resistance, less of a problem with combo tx with isonazid
Side effects: rash, fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, other liver problems, induces liver microsomal enaymes decreasing digitoxin, theopylline, anticoag, oral contraceptives |
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Definition
FIRST LINE ANTI-TB - AMINOGLYCOSIDE
USE: tx of TB
Other: drug resistance in 80% and limits efficacy in monotherapy, second line agent due to toxicity, not good orally, IV, may use direct observed therapy
Side effects: similar to gentamicin, otoxocity |
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Definition
SECOND LINE ANTI-TB -QUINOLONE
USE: treat TB as last choice, very effective, better coverage of gram +, and gram -, tx of UTI;s complicated by p. aeruginosa
Mechanism: inhibit bacterial enzymes gyrase and topo IV, bactericidal
Other: well absorbed ORALLY, widely distributed, concentrated in urine, kidney, etc, eliminated varies, uptake decreased by co-ingestion of metal ions (antacids), resistance from mutations in gyrase or decreased uptake
Side effects: skin irritation, photosensitive, headache, dizziness, nausea, ab discomfort, inhibit metabolism of theophylline, NSAIDS may increase side effects |
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ANTI-M. AVIUM COMPLEX (ANTI-MAC)
USE: treat m. avium complex (in AIDS pts) |
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ANTI-LEPROSY
Tx of leprosy
- related to sulfanilamides |
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