Term
is an inflammation always an infection? |
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Definition
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Term
is an there always inflammation in an infection? |
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Definition
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Term
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation |
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Definition
heat, redness, edema, pain and loss of function |
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Term
what are some of the chemical mediators? |
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Definition
histamines, kinins and prostaglandins |
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Term
what is the first chemical mediator of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
what are cyclo-oxygenase enzymes? |
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Definition
they convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins |
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Term
what are the antiinflammatory drug groups? |
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Definition
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and antigout drugs |
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Term
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Definition
they Inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandins Analgesic effect Antipyretic effect Inhibit platelet aggregation Mimic effects of corticosteroids |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit COX enzyme and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis |
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Term
what are NSAIDs used for? |
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Definition
they are used to reduce inflammation and pain. they are not recommended for fever or headaches |
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Term
what are first-generation NSAIDs? |
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Definition
salicylates (aspirin), Parachlorobenzoic acid Pyrazolone derivatives Propionic acid derivatives Fenamates Oxicams Phenylacetic acid derivatives |
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Term
what is the perferred drug for gout? |
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Definition
indomethacin (indocin) a para-cholorbenzoic acid |
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Term
what are second-generation NSAIDs? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the action of aspirin and what group of first generation NSAIDs does it belong to? |
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Definition
it is aan acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its actions are antiinflammatory, antiplatelet and tipyretic effects |
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Term
what is the therapeutic serum salicylate leve.? |
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Definition
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Term
what is a toxic serum salicylate level? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the first sign of ASA overdose |
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Definition
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Term
what is the chemical name of ASA? |
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Definition
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Term
is there a risk of GI bleeding with ASA and NSAIDs |
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Definition
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Term
what levels do you check on PT and INR? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what are the drug interactions with salicylates? |
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Definition
Increase anticoagulation, hypoglycemia, increase gastric ulcer risk with glucocorticoids |
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Term
what are some lab results that you can look for with salicylates? |
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Definition
Increase PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid Decrease potassium, cholesterol, T3 and T4 levels |
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Term
what are some foods that contain salicylates? |
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Definition
prunes, raisings, licorice, and certain spices (paprika) |
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Term
what do pregnant woman usually take ASA for? |
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Definition
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Term
what are caustions with aspirin? |
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Definition
Do not take with other NSAIDs Avoid during third trimester of pregnancy Do not give to children with flu or virus symptoms (Reye’s sydrome) |
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Term
what are some side effects/adverse reactions with salicylates? |
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Definition
Tinnitus, peptic ulcer Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis Hepatotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
ASA sensitivity
polyps in the nose and asthma |
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Term
what is an example of propionic acid derivatives? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
it is a nonselective COX inhibitor |
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Term
what are some of the drug interactions of iburprofen? |
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Definition
increases effects of warfarin and phenytoin |
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Term
what are side effects of ibuprofens? |
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Definition
GI diestress (take with food) |
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Term
what is another example of a propionic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the action of COS-2 inhibitors? |
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Definition
selectively inhibits COX-2 enzyme without inhibition of COX-1 |
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Term
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Definition
decreases inflammation and pain |
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Term
what drug should be avoided with liver pain? |
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Definition
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Term
what drug should be avoided with liver problems? |
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Definition
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Term
what are some drug agents of COX-2 inhibitors? |
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Definition
celecoxib (celebrex), nabumetone (relafen) and meloxicam (mobic) |
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Term
what is celebrex used for? |
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Definition
rheumatoid arthritis and for people who can't use ibuprofen |
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Term
what are some side effects of COX-2 inhibitorss? |
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Definition
Mild: headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, sinusitis, peripheral edema Assess renal function and GI status |
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Term
what are DMA drugs used for? |
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Definition
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Term
what types of DMAs are there? |
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Definition
Gold drug therapy (chrysotherapy) Immunosuppressive agents Immunomodulators Antimalarials |
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Term
what are is a gold drug therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the action of gold drug therapy? |
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Definition
Decreases leukocytes migration Suppresses prostaglandin activity Stops progression of joint degeneration |
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Term
what is gold drug therpay used for? |
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Definition
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Term
what are side effects/adverse reactions with gold drug therapy? |
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Definition
tomatitis, photosensitivity, metallic taste, severe rash Corneal gold deposits, bradycardia, profound hypotension Hematuria, proteinuria Nephrotoxicity, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
what are some contraindications with gold drug therapy? |
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Definition
Severe renal or hepatic disease Pregnancy, blood dyscrasias, colitis Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Term
when do you use immunomodulators? |
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Definition
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Term
what are immunomodulators? |
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Definition
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers |
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Term
what are some examples of immunomodulators |
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Definition
Entanercept (Enbrel) Infliximab (Remicade) Adalimumab (Humira) |
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Term
what are the actions of immunomodulators? |
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Definition
Neutralize TNF Disrupt inflammatory process Delay disease progression Used for rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
what are side effects/adverse reactions with the immunomodulators infliximab (remicade)? |
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Definition
Headache, dizziness, chills, hot flashes, depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary frequency Hypotension, hypertension, altered liver enzymes, severe infections |
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Term
what are condraindicaitons with immunomodulators? |
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Definition
Renal or hepatic disease Immunosuppression, infection |
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Term
what are the different types of gout? |
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Definition
uric acid crystals gout and psuedo gout |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammatory disease of joints, tendons Usually occurs in great toe Defect in purine metabolism leads to uric acid accumulation Purine-containing foods: salmon, liver, sardines |
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Term
what are some antigout drugs? |
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Definition
Colchicine Uric acid inhibitors Uricosurics |
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Term
what does colchine (antigout drug) do? |
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Definition
inhibits migration of leukocytes to inflammed site |
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Term
what are the side effects of antigout drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
should antigout be taken with food or without food? |
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Definition
with food to avoid GI distress |
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Term
what are some contraindications with colchicine? |
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Definition
Severe renal, cardiac, or GI problem |
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Term
what does allopurinol (zyloprim) do? |
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Definition
Decreases uric acid levels Prophylactic to prevent gout attacks |
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Term
what are nursing interventions with allopurinol (zyloprim)? |
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Definition
Monitor CBC, liver enzymes, renal function Yearly eye exams for visual changes Client to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and thiazide diuretics that increase uric acid level Increase fluid intake to increase uric acid excretion |
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Term
what is the action of probenecid (benemid)? |
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Definition
Blocks reabsorption of uric acid and increases uric acid excretion |
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Term
what are the side effects of probenecid (benemid)? |
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Definition
Gastric irritation; take with food |
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Term
what are nursing interventions for probenecid (benemid)? |
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Definition
Not to be given with other highly protein-bound drugs Increase fluid intake to increase uric acid excretion |
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