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Antiinfectives
antibiotics, anitfunagals, antivirals
77
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
02/26/2015

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sulfonamides are useful against gram ____?
Definition
neg & pos (broad spectrum)
Term
Sulfonamides are useful in treating ____?
Definition
UTI's
Term
adverse effects of sulfonamides?
Definition
rash, nephrotoxicity, photosenstivity
Term
Penicillin G and V (natural) are used mostly for gram ____?
Definition
positive
Term
adverse effects penicillin?
Definition
rash, anigioedema
Term
penicillinase-resistant penicillin drug?
Definition
nafcillin
Term
amoxicillin is useful in treating ______?
Definition
ear, nose, throat infections
Term
aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/ampicillin) are useful when treating gram _____?
Definition
negative
Term
adverse effects cephalosporins
Definition
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, edema
Term
cefaroline treats _________
Definition
broad spectrum, -/+, sometimes MRSA
Term
cefoxitin, cefuroxime treats
Definition
neg, pos and some anaerobic bacteria
Term
carbapenems drug?
Definition
imipenem/cilastatin
Term
imipenem/cilastatin adverse effects?
Definition
seizures (more common in elderly or renal impaired patients
Term
imipenem/cilastatin treats what?
Definition
more acutely ill patients w/ bacterial meningitis, intra-abdominal injuries.. joint, bone, skin, soft tissue infections
Term
which class has the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotics?
Definition
carbapenems
Term
aztreoman is effective against what kind of bacteria
Definition
aerobic gram negative
Term
aztreoman treats what kind of infections
Definition
moderate/severe systemic infections and UTI's
Term
adverse effects aztreman?
Definition
rash, nausea, vomit, diarrhea
Term
Macrolides bacteri______
Definition
static, cidal in lg. doses
Term
azithromycin/clarithromycin are used for?
Definition
upper/ lower resp. infections
Term
Tetracyclines must be avoided in who?
Definition
patients younger than 8, pregnant or nursing mothers (due to tooth enamel discoloration)
Term
Tetracylcine is often used in what infections?
Definition
chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia, syphilis, rickettsia, lyme
Term
democlocycline used for both ___ and ____?
Definition
antibacterial, inhibit antidiuretic hormone in SIADH
Term
doxycycline uses?
Definition
rickettsia, chlamydial, mycoplasmal, spirochetal, anthrax, malaria, acne
Term
tetracylcines treat gram + or -?
Definition
both
Term
tigecycline treats _____
Definition
many organisms resistant to others in it's class (complicated skin infections including MRSA and VSE and complicated intraabdominal infections
Term
complicated connective tissue infection? best drug
Definition
carbapenems - imipenem/cilastatin
Term
aminoglycosides are used to treat
Definition
resistant virulent infections (MRSA, VRE)
Term
aminoglycoside therapy is monitored due to
Definition
risk for toxicity (nephron, oto
Term
aminoglycosides serum level needs to be _____ higher than the MIC?
Definition
8
Term
for pk serum level testing check when for IV and IM
Definition
30 min for IV and 1 hr for IM
Term
trough serum levels are tested when?
Definition
at least 8-12 hrs after completion, (taken before next dose if given).
Term
trough levels above ___mcg/mL are associated w/ greater risks of toxicity for aminoglycosides
Definition
2
Term
aminoglycosides medication stem?
Definition
cin )amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
Term
Monitor serum creatinine, BUN, pk and trough levels with what med?
Definition
aminoglycosides
Term
quinolones are used for
Definition
wide variety, - and +
Term
special warning for quinolones
Definition
black box, ruptured tendons, tendonitis esp. in elderly patients
Term
aminoglycosides should not be used in _______
Definition
pregnant or lactating mothers unless life threatening infection
Term
what drug is used to decontaminate the gi tract before sx
Definition
neomycin
Term
quinolone stem name?
Definition
oxacin ciprofloxacin, levoflaxacin
Term
use quinolones carefully in who?
Definition
prepubescent children (cartilage development in lab animals)although used in children w/ cycstic fibrosis
Term
ciproflaxing uses?
Definition
anthrax, resp. and urinary infections
Term
ganciclovir
Definition
CMV
Term
ribavirin
Definition
respiratory
Term
amantadine
Definition
influenza
Term
rimantadine
Definition
influenza
Term
zanamivir
Definition
influenza
Term
oseltamivir
Definition
influenza
Term
reason for giving antiviral for influenza?
Definition
shorten symptoms by 1-2 days, lessen risk for patients at risk for pneumonia
Term
side effects of antivirals?
Definition
nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, runny nose
Term
amphotericin B uses?
Definition
first choice for systemic fungal infection.
Term
side effects ampthotericin B?
Definition
nephrotoxicity, dysrhythmias, neurotoxicity, chills, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting (can pretreat for the symptoms)
Term
caspofunigin uses?
Definition
aspergillus
Term
side effects
Definition
hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, anemia
Term
what's a good replacement for amphotericin B?
Definition
fluconazole
Term
side effect of fluconazole?
Definition
hepatotoxic
Term
voriconazole uses?
Definition
aspergillus
Term
side effect voriconazole?
Definition
hallucinations, increased liver enzymes
Term
amphotericin B uses?
Definition
first choice for systemic fungal infection.
Term
side effects ampthotericin B?
Definition
nephrotoxicity, dysrhythmias, neurotoxicity, chills, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting (can pretreat for the symptoms)
Term
caspofunigin uses?
Definition
aspergillus
Term
caspofunigin side effects
Definition
hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, anemia
Term
what's a good replacement for amphotericin B?
Definition
fluconazole
Term
side effect of fluconazole?
Definition
hepatotoxic
Term
voriconazole uses?
Definition
aspergillus
Term
side effect voriconazole?
Definition
hallucinations, increased liver enzymes
Term
standard TB tx ?
Definition
INH,, PZA, rifampin, ethambutol over 2 months period. Modified if resistance found to one or more of the drugs.
Term
naphazoline use?
Definition
nasal congestion cold, alergies
Term
antitussives are used best for?
Definition
dry cough
Term
what are the two types of antitussives?
Definition
non-opiod and opiod
Term
desxtromethorphan and benzonatate use?
Definition
dry cough (antitussives)
Term
salmeterol use?
Definition
maint. tx asthma/ COPD, bronchospasm
Term
ipratropium use?
Definition
COPD- reduce secretions, indirectly causing bronchodilation
Term
theophylline use?
Definition
asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, adjunct tx for COPD.
Term
theophylline adverse effects
Definition
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, sinus tachycardia, palpitations.
Term
montelukast use?
Definition
reduce inflammation of lungs by blocking leukotriene receptor cites
Term
fluticasone corticosteroid side effects
Definition
pharangeal irritation, cough ,dry mouth, oral fungal infections
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