Term
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Definition
High Bp, stolic above 140 mmHg
diastolic above 90 mmHg
PRIMARY: 90-95% no reason
SECONDARY: renal, endocrine, or CNS disorders. Drugs that stimulate CNS or sodium retention.
more urin-fluid loss-decreased blood volume- lower bp due to vasodilation.
side effects: head ache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, neurologic disturbances, and disorientation. |
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Term
| What happens when arterioles are constricted? |
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Definition
| increases vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the body tissues to regulate primarily by nutritionhal needs of tissues such as lack of oxygen or accumulation of products cellular metabolism |
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Term
| When beta-adrenergic receptors are stimulated what happens? |
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Definition
| Increased heart rate and force of myocardial contractions |
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Term
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Definition
ACE INHIBITOR
*1st line of drug used for diabetics because they reduce protienurea and slow progression of renal impairment |
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Term
| When should the alpha1 adrengergic receptor blockers be taken and why? |
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Definition
| at bed time to reduce the first-dose phenomenon |
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Term
| What is the bodys response to hypertension? |
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Definition
*SNS stimulation
*Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
*Angiotension II and aldosterone are formed
*Kidneys retain fluid
*Blood pressure is increased |
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Term
| Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) |
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Definition
Block enzymes that normally converts angiotensioinI to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotension II.
*by blocking angiotension II-decreases vasoconstricion, decreases aldosterone production
*used to manage Heart failure by decreasing peripheral vascular damage |
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Term
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Definition
The first ARB, redily absorbed and rabidly metabolized
*highly bound to plasma albumin
*low dose diuretic may be added. |
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Term
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (
ARB) |
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Definition
Blocks the strong blood pressure
raising effects of angiotension II
*less likely to cause hyperglycemia than ACE inhibitors and persistent cough is rare |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit the activity of the SNS |
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Term
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Definition
*Beta-adrenergic blocking
*decreases heart rate, force of myocardial contraction, cardiac output and renin release from the kidneys.
*Abrupt withdrawal can lead to exacerbation of angina |
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Term
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Definition
Short-acting calcium channel blockers, has been used to treat hypertensive emergencies or urgencies
*dilate peripheral arteries and decreases vascular resistance by relaxing smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
Thiazide diuretic most commonly used for hypertension
*only diuretic that can be given IV
*decreases the reabsorption of sodium, water, chloride, and bicarbonate in distal conveluted tubule |
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Term
| Single drug therapy would be less effective in what race? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is indicated for initial drug therapy in patient newly diagnosed with uncomplicated hypertension? |
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Definition
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Term
| In administering a newly inditiated order for ACE inhibitors to a patient, discharge instructions will include letting them know which common adverse reaction for ACE Inhibitors |
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Definition
| Dry nonproductive persistent cough |
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Term
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Definition
prevent formation of new blood clots and e3xtension of clots that already exist
*they do NOT dissolve, improve blood-flow or prevent tissue damage.
*Heparins and Warfain commonly used |
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Term
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Definition
Arterial thrombosis is associated with atheroclerotic plaque, hypertension, and turbulent blood flow.
* These activate platelets to initiate the coagulation process when the damage arterial endothelium |
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Term
| A patient with a history of hypotension comes to the ER with double vision and high BP. The physician prescribes sodium nitroprusside (Nipress). This lowers bp by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC acts on the distal tubual to decrease sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
*aldosterone antagonist
*block the sodium retaining effect. |
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Term
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Definition
LOOP DIURETIC- inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
*can be given orally or IV
10x greater effects than Thiazides |
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Term
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Definition
ANTICOAGULANT given for prevention and management of thromboembolic disorders
8
*inhibit the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin to prevent throbus formation
*after thrombosis has developed+can inhibit additional coagulation
*acts immediately after IV
*does NOT cross placental barrier |
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