Term
Definition of hypertension |
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Definition
- Disease of the vascular system
- Systolic BP of 140 mmHg or greater
- Diastolic BP of 90 mmHg or greater
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Term
| Under normal circumstances, BP is regulated by ........ |
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Definition
1. Autonomic nervous system
Baroreceptor senses the low BP
2. The RAAS system
- Respond more slowly (hrs to days) to control BP
3. Kidneys
- Responsible for long-term control (days to weeks to adjust BP)
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Term
How does the RAAS increase te BP? |
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Definition
- Constriction of arterioles and veins (angiotensin II)
- Retention of water by the kidney (aldosterone)
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Term
| Which drug class is a preferred 1st line therapy for treating hypertension? |
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Definition
| Thiazide-likr diuretics is considered a 1st line therapy based on a clinical trialsshowing morbidity and mortality reduction |
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Term
| What is a 1st line role of thiazide diuretics? |
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Definition
| " ALLHAT " --> Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial |
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Term
| Non-pharmacological therapy lifestyle modification of treating hypertension |
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Definition
- Weight loss -->reduced about 5-20 mmHg (systolic BP) per 10-kg weight loss
- DASH-type dietary patterns --> reduced 8-14 mmHg
- Reduced salt intake -> decrease salt intake down to 1.5 g/ day sodium; this reduces 2-8 mmHg
- Physical activity--> at least 30 mins a day; reduced 4-9 mmHg
- Moderation of alcohol intake --> limit to 2 drinks/day in men and 1 drink/day in women; reduced 2-4 mmHg
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