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antidiabetics
na
51
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
10/10/2011

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Cards

Term
adipose tissue
Definition
fat
Term
gluconeougenesis
Definition
conversion of amino acids to gluclose
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
higher then normal level of gluclose in the blood
Term
ketosis
Definition
condition associated with an increased produciton of ketone bodies as a result fo fat metabolism
Term
lipodystrophy
Definition
defective metabolism of fat
Term
neuropathy
Definition
numbness of hands and feet
Term
phosphate
Definition
acid solution containing molecules of combined hydrogen, phosphorus, and oxegen
Term
polydipsia
Definition
excessive thirst
Term
polyphagia
Definition
excessive eating
Term
what is diabetes
Definition
disorder of carbs, protein, and fat metabolism resulting from an imbalance between insulin availability and insulin need
Term
what enables cells to recieve an adequate supply of fuel by regulating the blood gluclose level
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
insulin promotes sell use of___ and___
Definition
gluclso and carbohydrate storage
Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
when blood gluclose levels decrease
Term
what is insulin constantly secreted by
Definition
the beta cells of the pancreas
Term
what happens when blood glucose levels increase
Definition
insulin production increases
Term
can glusclose enter the tissues without insulin
Definition
no, skeletal, muslces, heart, and adipose are all insulin sesntitive tissues
Term
what is the primary function of insulin
Definition
is to promote gluclose utilization by peripheral tissue
Term
insulin enhances the conversion of gluclose to___ in the liver
Definition
glycogen
Term
how are fat and protein metabolism affected by insulin
Definition
it inhibits their breakdown and stimulates synthesis and storage of fat and protein
Term
the clusters of cell in the panceras
Definition
islets of langerhans
Term
what are two type of islet cells in the pancreas
Definition
alpha and beta
Term
what do the alpha cells secrete
Definition
glucagon
Term
what do the beta cells secrete in response to fluctuations in blood gluclose levels
Definition
insulin
Term
insulin and glucagen are___ to eachother
Definition
antagonistic
Term
what happens to the beta cells as blood gluclose levels rise and fall
Definition
increases, secrete insulin.. fall,glucagen is secreted
Term
what is the normal range of blood gluclose concentration
Definition
70-120mg/dl
Term
what feedback system is this blood gluclose mechanism
Definition
negative
Term
amylin
Definition
a peptide secreated from the betw cell granuels with insulin
Term
amylin works___ with insulin to lower blood sugar in response to ____
Definition
synergistically/meals
Term
what is responsible for most of the gluclose taken from insulin stimulation
Definition
skeletal muscles
Term
where is the pancreas located
Definition
behind the stomach, can't be felt
Term
what is it called when a healthy person's beta cells release a small smount of insulin into the bloodstream throughout  the day
Definition
basal insulin release
Term
after starting a meal, how long until blood gluclose levels rise to a peak
Definition
with in 30 min
Term
what is stage 1, when a healthy person eats a meal
Definition
stored insulin is immediately released
Term
after phase 1, if the insulin does not meet the demands and the blood sugar rises what happens
Definition
beta cells release more insulin in the bloodstream ( phase 2)
Term
after a meal when will the blood gluclose levels return to 85/mg/dl
Definition
within 1 to 2 hours
Term
what happens to blood gluclose levels at sleep
Definition
they drop, consistent with a fasting state
Term
what are the two tissues in the pancreas
Definition
islet of langhans and the acinar
Term
acini
Definition
esocrine gland in pancreas. excretes juices into the duodeum
Term
islet of langerhans is what type of gland and what 3 cells belong to this group
Definition
endocrine gland, beta, alpha, and delta
Term
what do the beta cells do
Definition
secrete insulin and amylin, lowers blood gluclose levels and stimulates the liver to store excess gluclose the amylin works syngergistically with insulin to lower blood gluclose
Term
what do the alpha cells secret and what does this help to do
Definition
secretes glucagon, maintains blood gluclose by increasing the release of gluclose from the liver into the blood
Term
what do the delta cell secrete and what does this accomplish
Definition
secretes somatostatin, inhibits the release of insulin and glucagons. decreases gastrointestional activity after ingestion of food
Term
what do the body tissues use gluclose for
Definition
energy atp
Term
what is insulin and what 4 things does it accomplish
Definition
a hormone,lowers blood sugar, uses gluclose as energy, stores gluclose as glycogen in the liver, and responsible for the conversion of gluclose to fat
Term
when the blood gluclose increases where does the gluclose bind to
Definition
GLUT2 receptors
Term
what is the glute2 receptor
Definition
a gluclose transporter protein that takes gluclose into the beta cell
Term
what can happen if there is an elevated concentration of gluclose within the beta cell
Definition
membran depolarization, nd an influx of extracellular calcium ions
Term
incretins
Definition
stimulates gluclose secreations
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