Term
what are the three types of depression? |
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Definition
reactive, major and bipolar |
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Term
what is a mood disorder characterized by? |
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Definition
Characterized primarily by mood changes Characterized by loss of interest in normal activities |
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Term
what is the pathophysiology of a mood disorder? |
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Definition
nsufficient amount of monamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine) |
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Term
Can social and enviornmental factors that effect mood disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
whar are characteristics of a reactive mood disorder? |
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Definition
called the “blues”) Usually sudden onset resulting from precipitating event |
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Term
what are the characteristics of a major mood disorder? |
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Definition
Characterized by loss of interest in work, home, inability to complete tasks, and deep depression |
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Term
what are characteristics of bipolar mood disorders? |
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Definition
Mood swings between manic (euphoric) and depressive (dysphoria) |
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Term
What types of antidepressants agents are used for mood disorders? |
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Definition
tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
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Term
what is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)?
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Definition
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Term
what are some examples of seotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? |
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Definition
Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft) |
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Term
what are some examples of atypical antidepressants? |
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Definition
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Venlafaxine (Effexor) |
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Term
what is an examples of MAOI inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
what is an example of tricyclic antidepressant? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the action of elavil? |
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Definition
Block uptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in brain Blocks histamine receptors Elevates mood, increases interest in ADLs, decreases insomnia |
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Term
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Definition
Major depression and agitated depression |
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Term
what is the interactions of elavil? |
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Definition
Increased CNS effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants Increased sedation and anticholinergic effects with phenothiazines, haloperidol |
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Term
what are the side effects/adverse reactions with elavil? |
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Definition
Sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth and eyes, urinary retention, constipation, weight gain, GI distress, sexual dysfunction Orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, EPS, blood dyscrasias |
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Term
what is the the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
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Definition
Block uptake of neurotransmitter serotonin |
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Term
what are some examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
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Definition
Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), escitalopram (Lexapro) |
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Term
what are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used for? |
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Definition
Major depression, anxiety disorders (obsessive- compulsiveness, panic, phobias) prevention of migraine headaches |
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Term
what are interactions with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
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Definition
Increased CNS effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants |
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Term
what are side effects/ adverse reactions with welective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? |
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Definition
Headache, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, GI distress, sexual dysfunction Seizures, suicidal ideation Side effects often decrease over 2-4 weeks |
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Term
what is and example of an MOAI inhibitor? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the action of MAOIs? |
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Definition
Monamine oxidase enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin |
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Term
what is the use of MAOI inhibitors? |
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Definition
depression not controlled by TCAs |
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Term
what are side effect/ adverse reactions of MAOIs? |
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Definition
Agitation, restlessness, insomnia, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects Hypertensive crisis from fatal tyramine |
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Term
what are the interactions with MAOIs? |
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Definition
cheese, coffee, cream, yogurt, bananas, liver, yeast, chocolate, beer, red wine) |
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Term
what are some nursing interventions? |
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Definition
Monitor vital signs Monitor mood for drug effectiveness Monitor for suicidal tendencies, seizures Warn about foods that contain tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis with MAOIs Encourage client to take drug as prescribed Avoid CNS stimulants (including alcohol), CNS depressants, cold medicines |
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Term
what are some other nursing interventions? |
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Definition
Warn client against driving or using dangerous mechanical equipment until drug effect is known Warn client against abruptly stopping drug Instruct client to take drug at bedtime Advise client that a therapeutic response usually occurs in 2-4 weeks Inform client that herbs (St. John’s wort, ginseng, etc) may interact with antidepressants |
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Term
what is lithium (eskalith) do? |
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Definition
Alteration of ion transport in muscle and nerve cells Increased receptor sensitivity to serotonin |
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Term
what is lithium used for? |
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Definition
Treat manic episodes in bipolar psychosis |
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Term
what are some interactions with lithium? |
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Definition
Increase lithium level with thiazides, methyldopa, haloperidol, NSAIDs, antidepressants, theophylline, phenothiazines |
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Term
what are side effects/ adverse reactions of lithium? |
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Definition
Headache, drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, restlessness, slurred speech, dry mouth, metallic taste, tremors, muscle weakness, GI distress, edema of hands and ankles, increased urination, dysrhythmias, blood dyscrasias, nephrotoxicity |
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Term
what are some nursing interventions with lituium? |
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Definition
Monitor vital signs, sodium levels Monitor for drug effectiveness, suicidal tendencies Monitor urine output, renal function tests Encourage adequate fluid intake (1-2 L daily) Take with food to decrease GI irritation Monitor lithium levels every 1-2 months (0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L); toxic range greater than 2 mEq/L |
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Term
what are the toxic side effects of lithium? |
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Definition
persistent nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, blurred vision, tinnitus, ataxia, increasing tremors, confusion, dysrhythmias, seizures |
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Term
what are some other nursing interventions with lithium? |
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Definition
Nursing Interventions Teach client to wear medic-alert bracelet Teach client to take drug as prescribed and keep medical appointments Warn against driving motor vehicles or operating dangerous equipment until drug effect is known Advise client that drug effect may take 1-2 weeks Encourage client to avoid caffeine, crash diets, NSAIDs, diuretics Should not get pregnant due to teratogenic effects |
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Term
what are some other bipolar managment drugs? |
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Definition
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Valproic acid (Depakote) |
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