Term
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Definition
| these block aggregation and adhesion and cannot dissolve or remove a thrombus that has already formed. |
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Term
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Definition
Indications for _______________ drugs:
prevent or treat occlusive cardiovascular disease
maintain patent arteries, vascular grafts, shunts adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy for MI patients
cerebrovascular disease/ stroke
peripheral vascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| A low daily dose of this anti platelet drug permanently inhibits thromboxin for the life of the platelet. Clinically, no other drug is effective as this, and it should be the first choice unless allergy is present. |
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Term
| increased incidence of hemorrhagic stroke, gi bleeding |
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Definition
| What are some adverse effects of aspirin? |
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Term
| dipridamole (persantine, aggrenox) |
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Definition
this anti-platelet drug is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet function by inhibition of phosphodiesterase which increases intracellular cAMP levels resulting in reduced platelet aggregation.
it also leads to inhibition of thromboxane syntase and reduced thrombaxane levels. |
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Term
| Dipyridamole (Persantine, Aggrenox) |
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Definition
| The primary theraupetic use of this anti-platelet drug is in combination with aspirin to prevent cerebrovascular ischemia. |
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Term
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) |
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Definition
These anti-platelet drugs irreversibly inhibit the ADP receptor resulting in levels of cAMP and decreased platelet production.
These drugs are prodrugs and maximal inhibiton of platelet aggregation is observed in 8-11 days |
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Term
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) |
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Definition
| The use of these anti-platelet drugs to prevent thrombosis is now considered standard practice in patients undergoing placement of a coronary stent. |
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Term
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Clopidogrel (Plavix) |
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Definition
| Adverse effects of these antiplatelets include severe neutropenia --> or a decreased ability to fight off infection |
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Term
| Abciximab (REOPRO), Eptifibatide (Integrillin), Tirofiban (Aggrastat) |
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Definition
| these anitcoagulent drugs are GFPIIb/IIIa inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| The major adverse effects of Abciximab and Eptifibatide (GFP IIb/IIIa inhibitors) are ___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| this anti-platelet drug is used with ASA and heparin to treat coronary thromboses or during coronary angioplasty, it also reduces recurrent myocardial infarction. May affect platelet function for up to 48 hours after infusion |
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Term
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Definition
This anti-platelet drug is used for acute coronary syndrome and for angioplastic coronary interventions
Only affects platelets for 6-8 hours after infusion. Given as a bolus dose. |
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Term
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Definition
These drugs act on clotting factors present in plasma to either inhibit pro-clotting factors or activate anti-clotting factors.
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Term
|
Definition
| anticoagulants prevent the synthesis of vitamin ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| Can anticoagulants dissolve a thrombus that has already formed? |
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Term
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Definition
| This anticoagulant inhibits multiple clotting factors. It can bind directly to thrombin or antithrombin. |
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Term
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Definition
| This anticoagulant does not cross the placenta and is the drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Effectiveness of treatment may be monitored by aPTT or ACT. There is a risk for developing HIT. |
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Term
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Definition
| a patients taking HMW become hypercoaguable, what antagonistic drug should you administer? |
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Term
LMW Heparin
Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) |
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Definition
| This anticoagulant binds to protein other than thrombin to produce effect. aPTT is not particularly useful in monitoring treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| This anticoagulant can be used to treat venous thromboembolism, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unstable angina |
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Term
|
Definition
| This is the most widely used anticoagulent it is administered po. It inhibits vitamin K which is required for the synthesis of multiple clotting factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| This anticoagulant readily crosses the placenta, and can cause hemorrhage at any time and developmental defects when administered during the first trimester. |
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Term
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Definition
| What effect would ASA, anabolic steroids, antibiotics, tamoxifen, oral hypoglycemics, or vitamin K deficiency have on Coumadin? |
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Term
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Definition
| What effect would chronic alcohol, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, barbiturates, rifampin, or increased hepatic enzyme activity have on warfarin? |
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Term
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Definition
| What can be administered to reverse the bleeding associated with warfarin? |
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Term
| Dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) |
|
Definition
| this anticoagulant is a direct thrombin inhibitor is has only been FDA approved in the US since 10/2010. It's only approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. |
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Term
| Dabigatran Etexilate (Pradaxa) |
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Definition
| The major benefit of this anti coagulant drug is that no patient monitoring or titration is needed and there is a rapid onset of action. No adverse drug reactions yet established. |
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Term
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Definition
These drugs are only effective is used rapidly after the onset of thrombosis.
they are used in acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, severe deep venous thrombosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is an inhibitor used to counteract the thrombolytics? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the most dangerous side effect of thrombolytics? |
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Term
| Streptokinase (Streptase) |
|
Definition
this thrombolytic has been available since the 1960's, and since it is produced by the streptococcus bacteria it can cause allergic reactions
It is not used with ischemic stroke. |
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Term
| tissue plasminogen activator (tpA, Alepase, Activase) |
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Definition
this is an endogenous thrombolytic; human gene cloned, expressed and purified from bacteria
acts on plasminogen only at the site of the clot
principally used during treatment of acute myocardial infarction |
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Term
|
Definition
| This 2nd generation thrombolytic is a fragment of human tPA gene cloned, expressed and purified from bacteria. It's increased 1/2 life allows for convenient bolus dosing. |
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Term
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Definition
| the major draw back to this thrombolytic is that is lacks the major fibrin-binding domain, and is less fibrin-specific than t-PA |
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Term
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Definition
This 2nd generation thrombolytic is a fragment of human tPA gene cloned and genetically expressed
it's more clot-specific than tPA and has some resistance to plasminogen inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| This glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor returns platelet function to normal within 4-8 hours after discontinuation. Dosage should be reduced in patients with kidney disfunction |
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Term
Lepirudin (Refuldan)
Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
Argatroban (Argatroban) |
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Definition
| Direct thrombin inhibitors |
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|
Term
direct thrombin inhibitors:
Lepirudin (Refludan)
Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
Argatroban |
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Definition
| used for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis in patients with HIT and for prevention of clots in patients with unstable angina or PCI |
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Term
| direct thrombin inhibitors |
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Definition
| No reversal agent for this group of anticoagulants is available |
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Term
|
Definition
improves platelet function by increasing levels of factor VII to stop post-op bleeding.
SE: facial flushing, tachycardia, headache, hypotension |
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