Term
| Blocks transpeptidation reaction necessary for the formation of peptidoglycan cross links |
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Definition
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Term
| Targets penicillin binding proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteriocidal, but require actively growing cells to be effective. Thus they are antagonistic with bacteriostatic antibiotics. |
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Definition
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Term
| High therapeautic index, inactivated by β-lactamases |
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Definition
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Term
| The four types of β - Lactam antibiotics |
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Definition
| Penicillins, Monobactams, Carbapenems, Cephalosporins |
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Term
| β‐lactams, Vancomycin, Bacitracin are all part of this major class of antibiotics |
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Definition
| Cell wall synthesis inhibitors |
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Term
| Action of Clavulanic acid |
|
Definition
| β‐lactam that acts as a suicide inhibitor of β‐lactamase |
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Term
| Glycopeptide that blocks cell wall synthesis by blocking release of peptidoglycan precursor from bactoprenol and transglycosylation event, blocking glycan chain extension |
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Definition
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Term
| Bactericidal by disrupting cell wall synthesis, but only effective against gram positive |
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Definition
| Vancomycin and Bacitracin |
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Term
| Innate resistance to this drug is due to differences in the peptidoglycan pentapeptide terminal residues (binds D‐ala‐D‐ala) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyclic polypeptide that blocks cell wall synthesis by blocking dephosphorylation of bactoprenol pyrophosphate and thus cycling of the bactoprenol carrier |
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Definition
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Term
| Bactericidal cell wall synthesis inhibitor. Only active against Gram positives, but resistance to it is not yet common. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polypeptides that alter the permeability of membranes of susceptible Gram-negative bacteria by interacting with LPS and phospholipids |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Outer membrane detabilizers that are bactericidal but VERY nephrotoxic. Resistance is uncommon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipopeptide that binds to cell membranes of susceptible Gram-positive bacteria, depolarizing and disrupting ionic gradient |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Bactericidal inner membrane destabilizer that is only active against Gram-positives. Resistance is rare. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name four antibiotics that interfere with cell walls in Mycobacteria |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Cycloserine |
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|
Term
| Antibiotics that block mycolic acid synthesis |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid and Ethionamide |
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|
Term
| Antibiotic that interferes with arabinogalactan synthesis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibits alanine synthetase and racemase |
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Definition
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Term
| Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, and Oxazolidinones are all part of what major class of antibiotics |
|
Definition
| Protein Synthesis inhibitors |
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|
Term
| Streptomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin are 3 aminoglycosides. Name 3 more. |
|
Definition
Gentamicin, tobramycin,
neomycin |
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|
Term
| What class of antibiotics causes irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis, is bactericidal at high concentrations, and can be toxic to both the kidneys and auditory nerve? |
|
Definition
| Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin,neomycin) |
|
|
Term
| What organisms are innately immune to aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| Strict anaerobes and intracellular bacteria |
|
|
Term
| How are aminoglycosides usually administered, PO or IV? |
|
Definition
| IV. Too poorly absorbed for oral administration. |
|
|
Term
| Gentamicin, tobramycin, and neomycin are 3 aminoglycosides. Name 3 more. |
|
Definition
| Streptomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin,neomycin |
|
|
Term
| What is the mode of action of the tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
Reversible inhibition of protein
synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doxycycline, minocycline. |
|
|
Term
| Are tetracylcines (i.e. doxycycline and minocycline)bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? Broad spectrum or narrow spectrum? |
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum bacteriostatic |
|
|
Term
| What rarely used bacteriostatic can cause aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reversibly blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reversibly inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation |
|
Definition
| Macrolides (Erythromycin, azithromycin) and Lincosamides (Clindamycin, lincomycin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erythromycin, azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are macrolides and lincosamides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? Broad spectrum or narrow spectrum? |
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum bacteriostatic |
|
|
Term
| What is the mode of action of oxazolidones (i.e. linezolid)? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic is based on a chemical structure NOT found in nature? |
|
Definition
| Linezolid (an oxazolidinone) |
|
|
Term
| Developed specifically for use against vancomycin resistant Gram‐positive organisms and multi‐drug resistant staphylococci |
|
Definition
| Linezolid (oxazolidinone) |
|
|
Term
| Inhibit DNA replication by interfering with DNA gyrase |
|
Definition
| Quinolones (Nalidixic acid,ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin) |
|
|
Term
| Are the Quinolones (Nalidixic acid,ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin) bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? Broad or narrow spectrum? |
|
Definition
| Bactericidal. Nalidixic acid is narrow spectrum, the other 3 are broad spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Bactericidal that blocks DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial nitro‐reductase produces toxic product when metabolizing this drug, which damages bacterial DNA and inhibits DNA repair systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bactericidal nucleic acid inhibitor is only active against anaerobics (and also many parasites)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit folic acid syntheisis |
|
Definition
| Trimethroprim and sulfonamide |
|
|
Term
| Are trimethroprim and sulfonamides broad spectrum or narrow spectrum? Synergistic or antagonistic? |
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum, synergistic |
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