Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Antibiotics
Antibiotics including Pen's, Ceph's, and others.
86
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/17/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Gram Positive
Definition
Strep, Staph, Enterococci, Corynebacterium, Listeria
Term
Gram Negative
Definition
E. coli, salmonella, yersinia, Klebsiella, H. Flu, M. Cat, pseudomonas, Legionella
Term
Aerobic GP
Definition
Strep, Staph, Entero
Term
Aerobic GN
Definition
Moraxella, Neisseria, E. coli, Klebsiella, Enerobacter, Salmonella, Psuedomonas, H. Flu
Term
Anaerobic GP
Definition
Peptostrep, Petococcus
Term
Anaerobic GN
Definition
Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
Term
Cell Wall Beta Lactams
Definition
Pen, Ceph, Thienamycins, Monobactams
Term
Cell Wall non beta Lactam
Definition
Vancomycin
Term
Protien synthesis active
Definition
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclins, Macrolides, Lincosamides
Term
How are Pen's absorbed?
Definition
mostly by gastric acid, some duodenum
Term
Natural Pen: Active against?
Definition
Strep, Enterococcus, T. Pallidum, some anaerobic
Term
Natural Pen: Drug of choice?
Definition
Syphillus, Strep
Term
Aminopen: Active against?
Definition
Strep, Entero (best), T. Pallidum, with gram neg (H. Flu, E. coli, K. pneumo)
Term
Aminopen: Drug names?
Definition
Amoxicillin, ampicillin
Term
Aminopen: distribution?
Definition
CSF, renal, joints, ascitic fluid
Term
Pen: distribution?
Definition
lung, ascitic fluid, pericardium, synovium, soft tissues
Term
Pen-Resisant PCNs: drugs?
Definition
naf, ox, dicloxacillin
Term
Pen-Resistant: active against?
Definition
strep, staph (MSSA, best)
Term
Pen-Resistant: distribution?
Definition
bone, cardiac, joints
Term
Carboxypens: active against/ drug name?
Definition
Gram neg (pseudomonas)
Ticarcillin
Term
Ureidopenicillin: active against/ drug name?
Definition
Gram neg (pseudomonas, bacteriodes), enterococcal, anaerobes

piperacillin
Term
B lactam inhibitors: active against?
Definition
H. Flu, M. cat, N. gonorr, B. Frag
Term
Unasyn
Definition
Ampicillin/ sulbactam
Term
Augmentin
Definition
Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid
Term
Timentin
Definition
Ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid
Term
Zosyn
Definition
Piperacillin/ tazobactam
Term
First Gen Ceph: Drug names?
Definition
cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil
Term
First Gen ceph: Active against?
Definition
strep, MSSA (best)

NO ANAEROBIC COVERAGE
Term
Second Gen ceph: drug names?
Definition
group 1: cefuroxime, cefaclor
group 2: cefoxitin, cefotetan

GROUP 2= MTT CHAIN
Term
Second Gen ceph: active against?
Definition
group 1= strep, MSSA, some gram neg
group 2= less strep and MSSA, even more gram neg, and B. Frag
Term
Second Gen ceph: distribution?
Definition
group 1= respiratory, CSF
group 2= dirty surgery
Term
Third Gen ceph: drug names?
Definition
ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, others
Term
Third Gen ceph: active against?
Definition
ceftazidime = anti pseudomonal
Ceftriaxone = meningitis (CSF), lyme
Term
Fourth Gen ceph: drug name?
Definition
Cefipime
Term
Fourth Gen ceph:active against?
Definition
staph and strep. increased gram negative activity (pseudomonas), CSF

most people aren't this sick
Term
Fifth Gen ceph: drug names/active against?
Definition
Ceftaroline: everything, MRSA
Ceftobiprole: MRSA
Term
Thienamycins (Penems): drug names?
Definition
imipenem (with cliastatin), ertapenem, meropenem
Term
Theienamycins (Penems): active against?
Definition
most gram posistive aerobes, and almost all gram negative aerobes (except s. maltophilia) and anaerobes
Term
Theienamycins (Penems): facts
Definition
cell wall active, post antibiotic effect, extremely broad spectrum
Term
Monobactams: drug name?
Definition
aztreonam
Term
Monobactams: active against?
Definition
gram neg aerobic

NO GRAM POS
Term
Aminoglycosides: drugs?
Definition
gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin
Term
Aminoglycosides: MOA?
Definition
bind to 30s and 50s binding sites
Term
Aminoglycosides: normal activity?
Definition
gram neg aerobes (Pseudomonas)

NO ANAEROBIC OR GRAM POS
Term
Aminoglycosides: synergistic activity?
Definition
synergistic with cell wall drugs for MSSA, MRSA, enterococcus, and pseudomonas
Term
Aminoglycosides: distribution?
Definition
Urine, most tissues, no csf
Term
Aminoglycosides: adverse events?
Definition
Nephrotoxic (can be reversible), ototoxic (cochlear, nonreversibe) (vestibular, can be reversible), and neuromuscular block
Term
Tetracyclines: drugs?
Definition
tetra, mino, doxycycline
Term
Tetracyclines: MOA?
Definition
30s
Term
Tetracyclines: adverse events?
Definition
avaoid in hepatic/ renal impairment, phototoxic, gray brown teeth, can't drink milk with it
Term
Tetracyclines: activity?
Definition
GP and GN aerobes. atypical pathogens of pneumonia
Term
Tetracycline: distribution?
Definition
Maxillary sinus mucosa, bile, lung, etc.
Term
Macrolides: drugs?
Definition
erythromycin, clarithro, azithro
Term
Macrolides: activity?
Definition
GP and GN aerobes. atypical pathogens of pneumonia
Term
Macrolides: adverse events?
Definition
GI intolerance, thrombophlebitis, tinnitis
Term
Lincosamides: drug name?
Definition
Clindamycin
Term
Lincosamides: MOA?
Definition
50s
Term
Lincosamides: distibution?
Definition
bone, bile, etc.
Term
Lincosamides: activity?
Definition
MSSA, strep, GN anaerobes (B.frag), GP anaerobes, toxoplasmosis
Term
Lincosamides: adverse events?
Definition
GI intolerance to c. dif, pseudomembranous colitis
Term
Fluroquinolones: drugs?
Definition
cirprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levo, moxi
Term
Fluroquinolones: MOA?
Definition
inhibits DNA gyrase
Term
Fluroquinolones: activity?
Definition
GN aerobes (pseudomonas), some GP aerobes (MSSA, strep), atypical pathogens of pnemonia
Term
Fluroquinolones: distribution?
Definition
repiratory (moxi, levo), non respiratory (cipro), UTI (norflox), bone
Term
Fluroquinolones:adverse events?
Definition
chelation, QT prolongation, photoxicity
Term
Glycopeptides: drugs?
Definition
vancomycin
Term
Glycopeptides: MOA?
Definition
cell wall, beta lactam stable
Term
Glycopeptides: vanco?
Definition
oral used to tx c.dif is not systemically absorbed.

also, need troughs
Term
Glycopeptides: adverse events?
Definition
Red man's syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Term
Glycopeptides: activiy?
Definition
strep, staph, MSSA, MSSE, MRSE, enterococcal. c.dif is only anaerobe
Term
Glycopeptides: distribution?
Definition
CSF, etc.
Term
Sulfas: drug names?
Definition
TMP- Sulfa
Term
Sulfas: MOA?
Definition
inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis, which doesn't allow bacteria to grow
Term
Sulfas: adverse events?
Definition
need to hydrate or crystalluria will form, increases anticoagulation for warfarin, avoid in hemodialysis, SJS, elevated serum CR
Term
Sulfas: activity?
Definition
GN and GP aerobes (but no psuedomonas, group A strep, or enerococcus), very active against P. carinii
Term
Nitroimidazoles: drug name?
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, activity?
Definition
covers all anaerobes, including c.dif and h. pylori
Term
Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, MOA?
Definition
reduces toxic intermediates (free radicals) which damage DNA
Term
Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, adverse events?
Definition
Disulfiram cannot be mixed with any alcohol, dark urine, rash
Term
oxalinediones: drug?
Definition
Linezolid
Term
oxalinediones: MOA?
Definition
bind to 50s
Term
oxalinediones: activity?
Definition
gram positive, enerococci, all staphs, all streps
Term
oxalinediones: distribution?
Definition
invitro against many organisms

no dose adjustment
Term
Lipopeptides: drug?
Definition
Daptomycin
Term
Lipopeptides: MOA?
Definition
bind to cell membrane causing rapid depolarization, leading to inhibition of proteins, and death
Term
Lipopeptides: activity?
Definition
gram positive, strep, entero, s. aureus

first drug bacteriocidal against gram pos
Supporting users have an ad free experience!