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Antibiotics
freaking fob professor so many antibiotics
38
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
12/17/2012

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Term
Gram positive
Definition
peptidoglycan exposed outside, appears biolet
Term
gram negative
Definition
peptidoglycan covered so takes up alternet stain pink
Term
Alexander Flemming
Definition
discovered penicillium fungi
Term
Beta Lactams
Definition
work with peptidoglycan bacteria, inhibits cell wall synthesis
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems/monobactams
Term
Penicillin
Definition
extended spectrum: ampicillan, amoxicillin
anti-staph: methicillin, Oxacillin
administration depends on acid stability
Term
Amoxicillan
Definition
one of only penicillin that can oral administer
poorly absorbed in GI tract, kidney elimination sole
Term
Penicillin resistance includes...
Definition
B lactamase to metabolize antibiotic
altered penicillin binding ptn
decreased permeability to drugs
clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
Term
cephalosporins
Definition
two different R-groups,
functional diversity
more resistant to B lacatmase
lower allergy reaction
improved oral availability
Term
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Definition
carbapenem: so broad B lactam
Monobactam: narrow ass spectrum B lactam
Highy resistant to B lactamase
Term
B lactams are innefective against
Definition
myobacteria, fungi, viruses, humans
Term
b lactams work against
Definition
any infection with gram + - bacteria
Term
B lactam side effects
Definition
Allergic Reaction
Diarrhea - kills GI tract flora
Platelet dysfunction
Interstitial nephritis
Term
B lactam resistance
Definition
cant really do much about it
altered penicillin binding proteins
decreased permeability to drug
Term
B lactamase inhibitor
Definition
piptaz, clavulonic acid
Term
vancomycin
Definition
does what a B lactam does but is not a B lactam, for peopel allergic to them.
must IV
renal elimination
Term
vancomycin side effects
Definition
local pain
thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxicity
Term
cyclins
Definition
Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline
jews the 30s ribosome
GI irritation, hepatic toxicity, renal toxicity, bone growth depression
Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition
Streptomycin Neomycin, limited spectrum only aerobics
jews 30s, interfere with proofreading
disrupt integrity of bacterial cell membrane
poor F oral, collects in ears
upset GI
fucks with your ears(deafness)
nephrotoxicity
Term
Macrolides
Definition
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
jews 50 ribosome,
metabolized in liver
safe, but upset GI, cardiac, cholestatic jaundice
Term
Dont use macrolides if...
Definition
except azythromycin, patient has liver dysfunction cuz inhibit cyp450
carbamazepine, cyclosporine, warfarin, corticosteroids, digoxin
Term
Chloramphenicol
Definition
50s subunit
broad spectrum, inhibits peptidyl transferase reaction
cross BBB, metabolized by liver
rarely used - low therpeutic index and bone marrow supression, gray baby syndrome and cyp450 inhibitor
Term
Clindamycin
Definition
50s
same spectrum as penicillin and erythromycin
metabolized by liver
cause diahrrea
Term
Rifamycin: Inhibits mRNA transcription
Definition
TB
induces cyp2d6
hepatotoxicity, induces cyp45
respiratory
cutaneous
abdominal irritation
Term
quinolones
Definition
gyrase and top inhibs
Term
folate antagonists
Definition
anti metabolites
sulfonamides inhibit folate synthesis
broad spectrum,
convulsions and hyperglycemia
Term
Fluoroquinolone
Definition
-oxacin
bone infection, anthrax, UTI, STD
dizziness, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, joint disease
Term
Nystatin
Definition
very safe, binds ergosterol
oral troche or cream
Term
amphotericin B
Definition
severe systemic infection
Toxic (binds to ergosterol but also cholesterol)
Term
azoles
Definition
antifungal creams
miconazole
ketoconazole
rash, burning
Term
Terbinafine
Definition
GI problem
CNS problem
Hepatic problem
DecreaseImmune System
Term
Amantadine
Definition
stops virus from mounting cell,
influenza

useful for parkinsons
Term
nucleoside analogues
Definition
fake DNA building blocks Guanosine Aciclovir
Term
Acyclovir
Definition
herpes virus
well tolerated
Term
Gancyclovir
Definition
INJECT INTO EYE SHIT
Term
azt
Definition
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
headache, poor apetite
rash
Term
Nevirapine Efavirenz
Definition
teratogenic
confusion, memory loss, depression, psychosis
Term
saquinovir, ritonavir, indinavir, darunavir
Definition
inhibits viral protease required for assembly of new virions
diabetes, high cholesterol
Term
Ribavirin
Definition
who knows what the fuck this does
will mutate the shit out of your babies
dry mouth, changes in taste, bone pain
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