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Antibiotics
N/A
85
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2011

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Cards

Term
Penicillin
Narrow spectrum
PCNase sensitive
Definition
PCN G
PCN V
Term
Penicillin
Narrow spectrum
PCNase resistant
Definition
Oxacillin
Discloxacillin
Nafacillin
Methicillin
Term
Broad spectrum PCN
Definition
Ampicillin
Amoxacillin
Term
Extended spectrum PCN
Definition
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Term
PCN G and PCN V act against:
Definition
Strep
Term
Narrow spectrum PCNase resistant PCNs act against:
Definition
Staph
Term
Ampilcillin and amoxacillin act against:
Definition
e.coli
Term
Ticarcillin and piperacillin act against:
Definition
P. Aeruginosa
Term
Route for PCN G

Route for PCN V
Definition
PO (not stable)
IM, IV

PO
Term
Route for narrow PCNase resistant
Definition
PO, IV
Term
Route for ampicillin and amoxacillin
Definition
PO, IV
Term
Route for extended PCN
Definition
IV
Term
Side effects for PCN
Definition
Diarrhea and rash
Term
Side effects for PCN G and V
Definition
Neurotoxicity, hyperkalemia, and gangrene
Term
Ticarcillin side effects
Definition
Has high Na, so be careful with people with CHF
Term
Which PCN is no longer used?
Definition
Methicillin bc it causes interstitial nephritis
Use vancomycin to treat MRSA
Term
MOA for PCN and cephalosporin
Definition
Weaken cell wall- cause cell to burst
Term
Do not mix PCN with what when treating what?
Definition
Amino glycosides when treating p. Aeruginosa
Term
1st gen cephalosporin name and gram stain
Definition
Cephalexin
High +
low -
Term
2nd gen cephalosporin name and gram stain
Definition
Cefoxitin
Med +
high -
Term
3rd gen cephalosporin name and gram stain
Definition
Cefoxtamine
Low +
high -
Term
4th gen cephalosporin name and gram stain
Definition
Cefepime
High both
Term
Cephalexin treats:
Definition
UTI
Term
Cefoxitin treats:
Definition
Upper RTI
Term
Cefoxtamine treats:
Definition
Meningitis
Term
Cefepime treats:
Definition
P. Aeruginosa
Term
Cephalexin CSF and resistance to beta lactamase
Definition
Low
Term
Cefoxitin CSF and resistance to beta lactamase
Definition
Low
Term
Cefoxtamine CSF and resistance to beta lactamase
Definition
High
Term
Cefepime CSF and resistance to beta lactamase
Definition
High
Term
Imipenem/ cilastatin treats:
Definition
P. Aeruginosa when used in combo
Term
Meropenem treats:
Definition
Meningitis > 3 y/o
Term
Ertapenem has little activity against:
Definition
P. Aeruginosa, pneumococci, and MRSA
Term
Vancomycin MOA
Definition
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Term
Vancomycin dose
Definition
Slow IV over 60 min.
Adults 2mg/day at 12-24 HR intervals
Child 44mg/kg/day at 6-12 HR intervals
Term
Vancomycin
When to check levels?
Definition
Peak at 1.5-2.5 HR after infusion is complete
Hour before giving another dose

Peak levels of 30-40 mcg/ml are ok
Term
Adverse effects of vancomycin
Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
RED MAN SYNDROME
Term
Vancomycin used to treat:
Definition
MRSA
Meningitis
C-diff

Try flagyl first for MRSA and c-diff
Term
Tetracycline
Short acting drugs

Effects of food
Definition
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline

Slowed down- don't take with food
Term
Tetracycline
intermediate acting
Definition
Demeclocycline
Term
Tetracycline
Long acting

Effects of food
Definition
Minocycline
Doxycycline

Not effected
Term
Tetracycline treats:
Used in combo with?
Definition
H. Pylori

Metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate
Term
Tetracycline adverse effects
Definition
GI, N/V, diarrhea, cramps
Tooth discoloration
Do not use in children < 8 when enamel is forming
Can suppress bone growth
Can cause c-diff
Renal toxicity (do not use short or intermediate acting)
Photo toxicity
Term
Is tetracycline effected by chelation?
What molecules effect it?
Definition
Yes. Positively charged molecules
(ca, iron, mg, vitamins)
Drug wil not be absorbed
Term
Tetracycline
Avoid in who?
Definition
Children under 8
Pregnant women
Term
Macrolides MOA
Definition
Mostly bacteristatic but can be bactericidal against susceptible organisms or in high concentrations
Inhibits protein synthesis
Term
Macrolides treat?
Definition
B. Pertussis (whooping cough)
Upper and lower RTI
MAC in HIV pts
Term
Macrolide drugs:
Definition
Erythromycin
Clarythromycin
Dirithromycin
Troleandomycin
Azithromycin (z pack)
Term
Which macrolide is takin on an empty stomach?
Definition
Azithromycin
Term
Macrolide elimination
Definition
Hepatically metabolized p450
Term
Macrolide adverse effects:
Definition
Can cause c. Diff
Term
Macrolide drug interactions
Definition
P450
Theophyllin, warfarin, cabamazepine
Term
Lincosamide drug name
Definition
Clindamycin (cleocin)
Term
Clarithromycin can cause:
Definition
Metalllic taste
Term
Clindamycin used for:
Definition
Strep, gangrene
If allergic to PCN or Ceph
Term
Macrolides used if allergic to:
Definition
PCN or Ceph
Term
Clindamycin adverse effects
Definition
C. Diff- stop taking immediately
Term
Chloramphenicol adverse effects
Definition
Fatal aplastc anemia
Bone marrow suppression
Gray syndrome in infants
Term
Chloramphenicol drug name
Definition
Chloromycetin
Term
Is chloramphenicol a narrow therapeutic index drug?
Definition
Yes. Monitor levels
Term
Chloramphenicol is used for:
Definition
Meningitis
Term
Chloramphenicol
Bone marrow suppression is usually reversible when and can cause what?
Definition
1-3 weeks after withdrawal
Anemia
Term
Chloramphenicol
Aplastic anemia develops when?
Is it dose related?
Definition
Weeks or months after dose stops

Not does related
Term
Should chloramphenicol be taken on a full stomach?
Definition
No
Term
Aminoglycoside drug names
Definition
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Kanmicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Term
Aminoglycoside spectrum
Narrow? Broad?
Route?
Definition
Narrow
IV, topical
Term
Aminoglycoside MOA
Definition
Bactericidal
Disruption of protein synthesis
Term
Amikacin is least susceptible to:
Definition
Inactivation by bacterial enzymes
Use as last resort drug
Term
Aminoglycosides
Serum levels are impacted by:
Definition
Age
% body fat
Renal fxn
Fever
Edema
Dehydration

Dose is individualized
Term
Aminoglycosides dose
Definition
Peak levels 30 min after IM or after completing 30 min IV

Trough levels for divided dozing take just prior to next dose

Once daily: monitor trough
Bid or tid: monitor peak and trough
Term
Amino glycoside adverse effects
Definition
Ototoxicity (penetrates inner ear)
Nephrotoxicity (bind tightly to renal tissue)
Term
Aminoglycosides treat
Definition
E. Coli
P. Aeruginosa
Term
Amino glycoside effect will continue for how long?
Definition
Hrs after levels have dropped
Term
Aminoglycosides are not used with PCNs b/c:
Definition
In high concentrations it will inactivate aminoglycosides
Never mix in same solution
Term
Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim spectrum and bacterial activity
Definition
Broad
Bactericidal, bacteristatic
Term
Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim uses
Definition
UTI
chronic carinii pneumonia in AIDS pts
Term
Sulfonamides uses:
Definition
MRSA
UTI cause by e. Coli
Term
Sulfonamides and renal damage
Definition
High water solubility so renal damage is low
Take with lots of water
Term
Sulfonamides adverse effects
Definition
Kernicterus
Do not give to infants < 2
Be careful when giving to pregnant or feeding women
Photosensitivity
Term
Fluoroquinolones drug names and spectrum
Definition
Floxacin

Broad

Bactericidal
Term
Fluoroquinolones uses:

Which disease is resistant?
Definition
E. Coli
P. Aeruginosa
Meningitis
RTI
UTI
GI
Bones
Joints
Skin
Soft tissue
Anthrax

C. Diff
Term
Fluoroquinolones systemic use can cause:

Who do avoid?
Definition
Tendon rupture
Do not use in children < 18
Ciprofloxacin is the only safe one for kids
Term
Fluoroquinolones adverse effects
Definition
Tendon rupture
Photosensitivity
Term
Fluoroquinolones
Avoid in?
Definition
Children under 18 except for ciprofloxacin

Pregnant and feeding women
Term
Fluoroquinolones drug interactions
Definition
Chelation
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