1. Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
2. Inhibit Protein Synthesis
3. Inhibit Nucleic Acid Snythesis
4. Alter Cytoplasmic Membrane
5. Inhibit Folic Acid Metabolism

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Inhibit peptioglycan synthesis 

-Broad specturm but mostly used against Gram + due to acquired resistance

-Many derivatives 

-B-Lactam

-Bactericidal

-Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

- inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

-1st gen = gram +

-2nd gen = gram -

-more resistant to B-Lamtamases

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to PBP

-Broad specturm

-Beta Lactam

-Bactericidal 

-Gram Negative only

-resistant to most B-Lactamases

-widely used by patients with penicillin allergy who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides

-used against Pseudomonas infections in  CF patients

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to precursors

-is a glycopeptide

-Bactericidal

-Active against Gram + only 

50s subunit

Linezolid, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Streptogramins

30s subunit

Aminoglycosides, Nitrofurantion, Tetracyclines

-50s

-Inhibits protein synthesis by preventing tRNA attachment

-Bacteriostatic

-Gram Pisitive

-50s

-Inhibits peptide elongation

-reversible binding

-bacteriostatic

-Broad spectrum

(erythromycin, Z-Pack)

-50s

-inhibits peptide elongation

-bacteriostatic 

-Broad spectrum

-50s

-prevents elongation

-Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

-broad spectrum

-50s

-prevents elongation and release of partial peptides

-Gram +

BACTERICIDAL 

-Quinolones

-Rifamycin

-Metronidazole

Quinolones

e.g. ciprofloxacin

-Terminate DNA replication by binding DNA topoisomerases

-Bactericidal

-Broad spectrum

-30s

-Gram Negative

-Inhibit ribosome/mRNA interaction by irreversible binding

-Bactericidal

-30s

-Non specific binding, inhibits synthesis of bacterial enzymes

-bactericidal

-Broad spectrum

-Used for UTI's

-30s

-Prevent attachment of tRNA to ribosome complex

-Bactetriostatic

-borad spectrum

Rifamycin

e.g. Rifampin

-inhibits mRNA synthesis by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymerase

-mostly Gram positive b/c cant cross outer membrane of gram negative

-bactericidal

-Inhibits Nucleic Acid Synthesis

-initially used to combat parasitic infections

-must be modified by bacteria in order to kill

-altered by bacterial nitroreductase (aerobes only) resulting in cytotoxic compounds that affect DNA

-Bactericidal

-Interacts with phospholipids to increase membrane permeability

-bactericidal

-nephrotoxic

-Gram negative

-Disrupts cell membrane function by messing up ion concentraion gradient

-bactericidal 

-Gram Positive

-Binds irreversibly to inner cell membrane of susceptible organisms

-Sulfonamides

-Trimethoprim

-inhibts PABA converion to dihydrofolate (P-Amino Benzoic Acid)

-bacteriostatic

-Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

-used with sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) to become bactericidal - SYNERGISTIC