Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Antibiotics III
N/A
17
Pharmacology
Graduate
02/23/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Which class of drugs are always used in combinations of 2 or more to prevent resistance?
Definition
Antimycobacterial agents
Term
Which drugs are anti-mycobacterial agents that target TB?
Definition
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Term
What is the mechanism of Isoniazid?
Definition
It is a prodrug that is converted by bacterial catalase to a mycolic acid analogue; it inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall
Term
Is Isoniazid bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Definition
Bacteriostatic in bacteria that are dormant, bacteriocidal in bacteria that are actively dividing
Term
When can Isoniazid be used alone?
Definition
Prophylactically
Term
What are the side effects of Isoniazid?
Definition
  1. Metabolized by acetylation so slow acetylators will have varying toxicities
  2. Pellegra (increased excretion of vitamin B6, leading to pyridoxine and niacine deficiency)
  3. Hepatotoxicity
Term
What is the mechanism for Rifampin?
Definition
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Term
How do bacteria develop resistance to Rifampin?
Definition
Altering the RNA polymerase
Term
What are the side effects of Rifampin?
Definition
  1. Hepatotoxicity
  2. Red coloration of body fluids
  3. Very strong inducer of P450 (think birth control and warfarin)
Term
What is the mechanism of Pyrazinamide?
Definition
It is a prodrug that is converted to pyrazinoic acid in macrophage lysozomes (where bacteria reside), inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Term
What are the side effects of Pyrazinamide?
Definition
  1. Life-threatening hepatitis
  2. Gout
Term
What is the mechanism of Ethambutol?
Definition
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase, which is necessary for synthesis of mycobacterial wall component
Term
What are the side effects of Ethambutol?
Definition
Optic neuritis (altered color perception, loss of vision)
Term
What is the mechanism of Dapsone?
Definition
Inhibits folate synthesis
Term
What is the target of Dapsone?
Definition
Mycobacterium leprae
Term
What are the side effects of Dapsone?
Definition
  1. Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients
  2. Rash
  3. Methemoglobinemia
Term
Which antibiotics are used against mycoplasma?
Definition
Tetracyclines, Erythromycin
Supporting users have an ad free experience!