Term
Which drugs are used to treat Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster? |
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Definition
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famcyclovir |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Acyclovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is converted to active form by herpes virus thymidine kinase and inhibits the viral DNA polymerase |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Valacyclovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Acyclovir |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Famciclovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Penciclovir, an analogue of Acyclovir |
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Term
Which drugs are used to inhibit CMV? |
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Definition
Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, Foscarnet, and Fomivirsen |
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Term
What are the side effects of Acyclovir? |
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Definition
- When given IV, causes renal damage
- Can get into the CNS to cause delirium
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Term
What are the side effects of Ganciclovir? |
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Definition
- Myelosupression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Teratogenic
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Term
What is the mechanism of Valganciclovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Ganciclovir |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Ganciclovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is activated by the CMV viral kinase and inhibits the CMV DNA polymerase |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Cidofovir? |
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Definition
Prodrug that is converted by CMV to a CMV DNA polymerase inhibitor |
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Term
What are the side effects of Cidofovir? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mechanism of Foscarnet? |
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Definition
Directly inhibits CMV viral DNA polymerase |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Fomivirsen? |
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Definition
Antisense molecule that targets the CMV mRNA. Given directly in the eye. |
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Term
What drugs are used to treat Hepatitis B? |
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Definition
Adofovir, Entecavir, and Lamivudine |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Adofovir? |
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Definition
Nucleotide analog that inhibits hepatitis virus DNA polymerase |
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Term
What are the side effects of Adofovir? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mechanism of Entacavir? |
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Definition
Inhibits Hepatitis B DNA polymerase |
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Term
What are the side effects of Entecavir? |
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Definition
Hepatic damage, Lactic acidosis |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Lamivudine? |
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Definition
Inhibits both Hepatitis B reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase |
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Term
Which drug is also used for HIV, and why? |
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Definition
Lamivudine -- it can inhibit viral reverse transcriptases |
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Term
What drugs are used to treat RSV? |
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Definition
Ribavirin and Palivizumab |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Ribavirin? |
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Definition
Inhibits RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
How is Ribavirin administered? |
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Definition
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Term
How is Acyclovir administered and why? |
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Definition
IV -- it is poorly absorbed |
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Term
What are the side effects of Ribavirin? |
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Definition
Decreased pulmonary function when given aerosol, Hemolytic anemia in IV form, Pregnancy category X |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Palivizumab? |
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Definition
Monoclonal antibody directed against F protein of RSV, which prevents fusion of RSV with the host cell |
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Term
Which antiviral drugs are used prophylactically? |
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Definition
Palivizumab against RSV and Amantadine/Rimantadine against Influenza (or early stage of illness) |
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Term
What drugs are used against Influenza? |
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Definition
Amantadine, Rimantadine, Zanamavir, Oseltamavir |
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Term
What is the mechanism of Ramantadine and Amantadine? |
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Definition
Blocks the M2 protein that allows the Influenza virus to make a channel through the endosome and release RNA into the cytoplasm |
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Term
What are the side effects of Amantadine and Rimantadine? |
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Definition
- Renal failure
- Teratogenesis
- Dizziness/Confusion
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Term
Which antiviral drug is also used for Parkinson's disease? |
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Definition
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