Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anti-viral Agents I
N/A
31
Pharmacology
Graduate
03/21/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Which drugs are used to treat Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster?
Definition
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famcyclovir
Term
What is the mechanism of Acyclovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is converted to active form by herpes virus thymidine kinase and inhibits the viral DNA polymerase
Term
What is the mechanism of Valacyclovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Acyclovir
Term
What is the mechanism of Famciclovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Penciclovir, an analogue of Acyclovir
Term
Which drugs are used to inhibit CMV?
Definition
Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, Foscarnet, and Fomivirsen
Term
What are the side effects of Acyclovir?
Definition
  1. When given IV, causes renal damage
  2. Can get into the CNS to cause delirium
Term
What are the side effects of Ganciclovir?
Definition
  1. Myelosupression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
  2. Teratogenic
Term
What is the mechanism of Valganciclovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is converted to Ganciclovir
Term
What is the mechanism of Ganciclovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is activated by the CMV viral kinase and inhibits the CMV DNA polymerase
Term
What is the mechanism of Cidofovir?
Definition
Prodrug that is converted by CMV to a CMV DNA polymerase inhibitor
Term
What are the side effects of Cidofovir?
Definition
Highly nephrotoxic
Term
What is the mechanism of Foscarnet?
Definition
Directly inhibits CMV viral DNA polymerase
Term
What is the mechanism of Fomivirsen?
Definition
Antisense molecule that targets the CMV mRNA. Given directly in the eye.
Term
What drugs are used to treat Hepatitis B?
Definition
Adofovir, Entecavir, and Lamivudine
Term
What is the mechanism of Adofovir?
Definition
Nucleotide analog that inhibits hepatitis virus DNA polymerase
Term
What are the side effects of Adofovir?
Definition
Renal and hepatic damage
Term
What is the mechanism of Entacavir?
Definition
Inhibits Hepatitis B DNA polymerase
Term
What are the side effects of Entecavir?
Definition
Hepatic damage, Lactic acidosis
Term
What is the mechanism of Lamivudine?
Definition
Inhibits both Hepatitis B reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase
Term
Which drug is also used for HIV, and why?
Definition
Lamivudine -- it can inhibit viral reverse transcriptases
Term
What drugs are used to treat RSV?
Definition
Ribavirin and Palivizumab
Term
What is the mechanism of Ribavirin?
Definition
Inhibits RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Term
How is Ribavirin administered?
Definition
IV or aerosol
Term
How is Acyclovir administered and why?
Definition
IV -- it is poorly absorbed
Term
What are the side effects of Ribavirin?
Definition
Decreased pulmonary function when given aerosol, Hemolytic anemia in IV form, Pregnancy category X
Term
What is the mechanism of Palivizumab?
Definition
Monoclonal antibody directed against F protein of RSV, which prevents fusion of RSV with the host cell
Term
Which antiviral drugs are used prophylactically?
Definition
Palivizumab against RSV and Amantadine/Rimantadine against Influenza (or early stage of illness)
Term
What drugs are used against Influenza?
Definition
Amantadine, Rimantadine, Zanamavir, Oseltamavir
Term
What is the mechanism of Ramantadine and Amantadine?
Definition
Blocks the M2 protein that allows the Influenza virus to make a channel through the endosome and release RNA into the cytoplasm
Term
What are the side effects of Amantadine and Rimantadine?
Definition
  1. Renal failure
  2. Teratogenesis
  3. Dizziness/Confusion
Term
Which antiviral drug is also used for Parkinson's disease?
Definition
Amantadine
Supporting users have an ad free experience!