Shared Flashcard Set

Details

anti-bacterials
nursing pharmacolgy
56
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
03/24/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
inhibits folate synthesis of bacteria. Bacteriostatic
Broad Spectrum
Definition
sulfonamides
Term
how are silfonamides abosorbed
Definition
in the intestine, excreted in urine, can cross to the placenta
Term
key folate synthesis drug
Definition
TMP-SMX= trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole co-trimoxazole
Term
uses for TMP-SMX
Definition
uti, otitis media, chronic bronchitis
Term
what was the combination of TMP-SMX designed to do
Definition
delay resistance
Term
blocks DNA synthesis has long effects after the drug is gone
Definition
quinolones mechanism of action
Term
what are quinolones used for?
Definition
broad spectrum, UTI respiratory tract infections, STDs
Term
top 3 widely used quinolones in the US
Definition
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxavin
Term
what drug was given to ppl exposed to anthrax in 2001?
Definition
cipro
Term
toxicity is increased in which generations of the quinolones
Definition
3rd and 4th
Term
drugs that concentrate in the urine and are used in chronic or recurrent utis
Definition
urinary antiseptics
Term
nitro group is metabolized to various nitro anions that attack multiple targets to block DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
Definition
urinary antiseptic MOA
Term
example of a urinary antiseptic
Definition
nitrofurantoin
Term
3 major groups of B lactams
Definition
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbpenems
Term
weaken the cell wall so it cannot withstand osmotic pressure, resulting cell lysis and death
Definition
B-Lactam: mechanism of action
Term
an example of a penicillin binding protein that is essential for strengthening the cell wall
Definition
transpeptidase
Term
Mechanisms of resistance
Definition
1. bacteria secrete enzyme to destroy penicillin
2. mutations to the PBP binding sites
3. resistence has a genetic component
Term
tools to fight resistance
Definition
1. make drugs resistant to B lactamases
2. make B lactamase inhibitors and give in combo with antibiotics
Term
first two naturally occurring penicillins that are susceptible to b-lactamase and not good for kidney problems
Definition
penicillin g
penicillin v
Term
anti staphyloccal/penicillinase resistant drugs
Definition
methicillin (not used clinically)
oxacillin
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin
flucloxacillin
Term
extended spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive
Definition
amiopenicillins
Term
amoxicillin
ampicillin
Definition
aminopenicillins
Term
aminopenicillins are directed towards gram negative bacteria but arent effect against __________
Definition
pseudomonas
Term
mezlocillin
PIPERACILLIN
ticarcillin
Definition
extended spectrum, effective against pseudomonas and some anaerobes
Term
B-lactamase inhibitor used in combination with penicillins to increase effectiveness
Definition
clavulanic acid
Term
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid =
Definition
augmentin
Term
most serious risk of penicillin=
Definition
anaphylaxis
Term
appearance of a new infection during the treatment of the primary infection- as a result of the treatment
Definition
superinfection
Term
these are semi synthetic, similar to penicillins stucturally and functionally, mostly resistant to B lactamase
Definition
cephalosporins
Term
cephalosporins can be effective against
Definition
anaerobes, pseudomonas, gram positive, gram negative
Term
uses of 1st gen cephalosporins
Definition
-skin infections
-before surgery
Term
4th generation cephalos can be used for
Definition
1st line against meningits b/c it crosses BBB
Term
names of cephalosporins begin with
Definition
ceph or cef
Term
empirical treatment for meningitis often with vancomycin
Definition
cefotaxime
Term
used for empirical treatment of pulmonary and soft tissue
Definition
meropenem
Term
potent against gram negative including pseudomonas, no cross reactivity for B lactam allergy
Definition
aztronam
Term
protein synthesis inhibitors
Definition
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
Term
gentamicin
streptomycin
Definition
aminglycosides
Term
inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria and have post-antibiotic effect. Anaerobes are resistant to them
Definition
aminoglycosides
Term
uses of aminoglycosides
Definition
gram (-) bacteria, empirical treatment with B lactams
eradicate gut flora before surgery
prevention of endocarditis
Term
adverse reaction of aminoglycosides
Definition
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (irreversible)
Term
tetacycline (short)
doxicycline (long)
Definition
tetracyclines
Term
these are broad spectrum and can become insoluble with antacids
Definition
tetracyclines
Term
one of the concerns of this antibiotic is photosensitivity, discolored teeth, temporary growth stunting
Definition
tetracyclines
Term
these block protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome. does not bind to mammalian ribosomes
Definition
macrolides
Term
erythromycin
clarithromycin
azitromycin
Definition
macrolides
Term
used as an alternative to penicillin for pts with allergy
Definition
macrolides
Term
inhibits cell wall synthesis
Definition
polypeptide antibiotics
Term
topical polypeptide antibiotic
Definition
bacitracin (neosporin)
Term
this polypeptide antibiotic is used as a last line of defense against MRSA
Definition
Vancomycin
Term
what is given to vancomycin resistant organisms?
Definition
protein synthesis inhibitors: Quinopristin/ dalfopristin and linezolid
Term
another useful indication of vancomycin
Definition
emergency treatment of meningitis.
Term
this antituberculosis drug blocks mycobacterium cell wall and only works on dividing cells
Definition
isoniazid
Term
this antituberculosis drug is mostly safe but can cause hepatotoxicity and neuropathy long term, also resistance
Definition
isoniazid
Term
this antituberculosis drug blocks RNA synthesis and does not target mammalian polymerases. It can develop resistant strains alone.
Definition
rifampin
Term
major side effect of rifampin
Definition
hepatitis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!