Term
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Definition
is a state of feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, agitation, uncertainty and fear resulting from the anticipation of some threat or danger, usually of intra-psychic origin, whose source is generally unknown or unrecognized.This can have physical (tachycardia, trembling, pain, shortness of breath) and psychological symptoms (fear, apprehension, uneasiness).
Help (specifically medical help through medication and/or counseling, etc.) is necessary when excessive anxiety interferes with daily functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, phobic disorders, OCD, social anxiety dis, PTSD |
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Term
| anxiety facts- stats, dx, sex, tx |
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Definition
| females, responds well with treatment, greater than 50% of the pop will need tx with anxiety, one of most common psychiatric dx- about 25% of country |
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Term
| what are most common meds used for anxiety? |
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Definition
sedatives and hyponics
(can be both low dose sedative high does hyponic) |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce nervousness, excitability, or irritability by producing a calming or soothing effect |
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Term
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Definition
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| what are the most common classes of anti anxiety meds |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines and SSRIs |
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Term
| Nursing management required when dealing with sedatives/hypnotics |
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Definition
A thorough sleep study
Follow-up with results
Evaluate the effectiveness (expected outcome) of the meds
Education: the patient needs to be cautious about using heavy machinery or driving a car until the results are known |
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Term
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Definition
at least 2 benzodiazepine receptors have been identified (primarily located in the cerebellum and are thought the cause the anti-anxiety and/or sedative effects).
These enhance the inhibitory actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA decreases the ability of the neuron to fire and therefore calms the neuronal action of the brain.
Main indications: anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, pre-op sedation, insomnia, seizure disorders, and neuromuscular diseases |
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Term
| Benzodiazepines and older adults |
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Definition
| should be monitored for paradoxical reactions- increased excitability, rage, hostility confusion and hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
Lorazepam (Ativan)(relax you at night)
Alprazolam (Xanax) (most common)
Diazepam (Valium) (IV push epilecticus) |
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Term
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Definition
drowsiness
hiccups (especially Versed)
loss of dexterity
dry mouth
N & V
HA
constipation
dizziness |
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Term
| benzodiazepines drug interactions |
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Definition
| be cautious with any other CNS depressant |
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Term
| benzodiazepines nursing management |
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Definition
watch for S/S tolerance, dependency and withdrawal problems.
Taper off slowly to avoid withdrawal S/S
Careful titration to meet the needs of each client
if depression accompanies anxiety the suicidal tendencies are high.
Watch renal function closely |
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Term
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Definition
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta |
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Term
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Definition
Fluoxetine (Prozac) the standard of the SSRI group
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Celexa) |
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Term
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Definition
The effect varies from mild sedation to deep anesthesia
Not utilized as analgesics, therefore, don’t assume that they will produce a restful sleep when sleep is produced.
Large doses will depress the motor cortex of the brain and depress the respiratory and vasomotor centers.
CAUSES HEAVY SEDATION |
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Term
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Definition
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbital |
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Term
| Nursing Management pertaining to barbiturates |
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Definition
monitor for the potential for dependence, tolerance, abuse or misuse.
Assess the sleeping pattern
review the current medications to watch for interactions.
Continuously monitor for SE/Adverse reactions
education for beginning problems with usage (dizziness, drowsiness, etc.) |
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