Term
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Definition
| the academic discipline that studies all of humanity from a broad perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| the investigation of past cultures through excavation and analysis of material remains |
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Term
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Definition
| study of prehistoric peoples |
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Term
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Definition
| field that investigates the past of literate peoples through excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other material remains |
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Term
| biological (physical) anthropology |
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Definition
| major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans and other primates |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of primates, including monkeys and apes; subfield of biological anthropology |
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Term
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Definition
| physical differences among human populations; an interest of physical anthropologists |
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Term
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Definition
| the specialization of physical anthropology that investigates the biological evolution of the human species |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialization within physical anthropology that analyzes and identifies human remains |
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Term
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Definition
| the subfield that studies the differences and similarities of the way of life of contemporary and historically recent peoples |
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Term
| other names for cultural anthropology (3) |
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Definition
social anthropology
sociocultural anthropology
ethnology |
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Term
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Definition
| ethnographic research that involves observation and interviewing the members of a culture to describe their way of life |
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Term
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Definition
| a written description of the way of life of some human population |
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Term
| anthropological linguistics |
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Definition
| subfield that focuses on the interrelationships between language and other aspects of people's culture |
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Term
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Definition
| subfield whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization |
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Term
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Definition
| the specialization that researches the connections between cultural beliefs and habits and the spread and treatment of diseases and illnesses -> kuru |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no dimension of culture can be understood by itself |
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Term
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Definition
| the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with information from a wide range of cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| the notion that one should not judge the behavior of other peoples using the standards of one's own culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one's own culture are superior to those of other peoples |
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Term
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Definition
| information, skills, attitudes, conceptions, beliefs, values, and other mental components of culture that people socially learn during enculturation |
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Term
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Definition
| within a single culture, the behavior most people perform when they are in certain culturally defined situations |
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Term
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Definition
| the interrelationships among the various components (elements, subsystems) of a cultural system |
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Term
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Definition
| the socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior shared by some group of people |
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Term
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Definition
| the cultural tradition a of a group of people recognize as their own; the shared customs and beliefs that define how a group sees itself as distinctive |
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Term
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Definition
| cultural differences characteristic of members of various ethnic groups, regions, religions, and so forth within a single society |
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Term
| socialization/enculturation |
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Definition
| the transmission (by means of social learning) of cultural knowledge to children/new adults |
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Term
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Definition
| rights and duties that individuals receive because of their personal identity or membership in a social group |
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Term
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Definition
| artifacts and other physical, visible manifestations of culture, including art, architectural features, tools, consumer goods, clothing, and writing |
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Term
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Definition
| shared ideals and/or expectations about how certain people ought to act in given situations |
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Term
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Definition
| shared ideas or standards about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles |
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Term
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Definition
| objects, behaviors, sound combinations, and other phenomena whose culturally defined meanings have no necessary relationship to their inherent physical qualities |
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Term
| classifications of reality (cultural constructions of reality) |
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Definition
| ways in which the members of a culture divide up the natural and social world into categories; usually linguistically encoded |
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Term
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Definition
| the way people interpret reality and events, including how they see themselves relating to the world around them |
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Term
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Definition
| the notion that the beliefs and behaviors of individuals are largely programmed by their culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that biologically (genetically) inherited differences between populations are important influences on cultural differences between them |
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Term
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Definition
| elements of culture that exist in all known human groups or societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the academic discipline that studies all of humanity from a broad perspective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the investigation of past cultures through excavation of material remains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field that uses excavation of sites and analysis of material remains to investigate cultures that existed before the development of writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field that investigates the past of literate peoples through excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other material remains |
|
|
Term
| biological (physical) anthropology |
|
Definition
| major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans and other primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of primates, including monkeys and apes; subfield of biological anthropology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical differences among human populations; an interest of physical anthropologists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specialization of physical anthropology that investigates the biological evolution of the human species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialization within physical anthropology that analyzes and identifies human remains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the subfield that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically recent peoples |
|
|
Term
| other names for cultural anthropology (3) |
|
Definition
social anthropology
sociocultural anthropology
ethnology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethnographic research that involves observation and interviewing the members of a culture to describe their way of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a written description of the way of life of some human population |
|
|
Term
| anthropological linguistics |
|
Definition
| subfield that focuses on the interrelationships between language and other aspects of people's culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subfield whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specialization that researches the connections between cultural beliefs and habits and the spread and treatment of diseases and illnesses -> kuru |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no dimension of culture can be understood by itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with information from a wide range of cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that one should not judge the behavior of other peoples using the standards of one's own culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one's own culture are superior to those of other peoples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information, skills, attitudes, conceptions, beliefs, values, and other mental components of culture that people socially learn during enculturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| within a single culture, the behavior most people perform when they are in certain culturally defined situations |
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Term
|
Definition
| the various parts of culture are mutually interdependent |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior shared by some group of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cultural tradition a of a group of people recognize as their own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cultural variations that exist within a single society |
|
|
Term
| socialization/enculturation |
|
Definition
| the transmission (by means of social learning) of cultural knowledge to children/new adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rights and duties that individuals receive because of their personal identity or membership in a social group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| artifacts and other physical, visible manifestations of culture, including art, architectural features, tools, consumer goods, clothing, and writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared ideals and/or expectations about how certain people ought to act in given situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared ideas or standards about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects, behaviors, sound combinations, and other phenomena whose culturally defined meanings have no necessary relationship to their inherent physical qualities |
|
|
Term
| classifications of reality (cultural constructions of reality) |
|
Definition
| ways in which the members of a culture divide up the natural and social world into categories; usually linguistically encoded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way people interpret reality and events, including how they see themselves relating to the world around them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that the beliefs and behaviors of individuals are largely programmed by their culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that biologically (genetically) inherited differences between populations are important influences on cultural differences between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements of culture that exist in all known human groups or societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the academic discipline that studies all of humanity from a broad perspective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the investigation of past cultures through excavation of material remains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field that uses excavation of sites and analysis of material remains to investigate cultures that existed before the development of writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field that investigates the past of literate peoples through excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other material remains |
|
|
Term
| biological (physical) anthropology |
|
Definition
| major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans and other primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of primates, including monkeys and apes; subfield of biological anthropology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical differences among human populations; an interest of physical anthropologists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specialization of physical anthropology that investigates the biological evolution of the human species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialization within physical anthropology that analyzes and identifies human remains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the subfield that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically recent peoples |
|
|
Term
| other names for cultural anthropology (3) |
|
Definition
social anthropology
sociocultural anthropology
ethnology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethnographic research that involves observation and interviewing the members of a culture to describe their way of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a written description of the way of life of some human population |
|
|
Term
| anthropological linguistics |
|
Definition
| subfield that focuses on the interrelationships between language and other aspects of people's culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subfield whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specialization that researches the connections between cultural beliefs and habits and the spread and treatment of diseases and illnesses -> kuru |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no dimension of culture can be understood by itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with information from a wide range of cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that one should not judge the behavior of other peoples using the standards of one's own culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one's own culture are superior to those of other peoples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information, skills, attitudes, conceptions, beliefs, values, and other mental components of culture that people socially learn during enculturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| within a single culture, the behavior most people perform when they are in certain culturally defined situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interrelationships among the various components (elements, subsystems) of a cultural system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior shared by some group of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cultural tradition a of a group of people recognize as their own; the shared customs and beliefs that define how a group sees itself as distinctive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cultural differences characteristic of members of various ethnic groups, regions, religions, and so forth within a single society |
|
|
Term
| socialization/enculturation |
|
Definition
| the transmission (by means of social learning) of cultural knowledge to children/new adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rights and duties that individuals receive because of their personal identity or membership in a social group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| artifacts and other physical, visible manifestations of culture, including art, architectural features, tools, consumer goods, clothing, and writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared ideals and/or expectations about how certain people ought to act in given situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared ideas or standards about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects, behaviors, sound combinations, and other phenomena whose culturally defined meanings have no necessary relationship to their inherent physical qualities |
|
|
Term
| classifications of reality (cultural constructions of reality) |
|
Definition
| ways in which the members of a culture divide up the natural and social world into categories; usually linguistically encoded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way people interpret reality and events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that the beliefs and behaviors of individuals are largely programmed by their culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that biologically (genetically) inherited differences between populations are important influences on cultural differences between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements of culture that exist in all known human groups or societies |
|
|
Term
| Anthropology differs from other disciplines that also study humans by _____ |
|
Definition
using a broad scope
-all human beings (living/dead, asian/african/european)
-all aspects |
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|
Term
| Objectives of cultural anthropology (4) |
|
Definition
1. study through fieldwork and report findings through ethnographs
2. Compare diverse cultures in search for general priniciples that might explain human ways of living
3. understand various dimensions of human life (economics, religion, art, communication, etc)
4. enhance public understanding of cultural differences and multicultural diversity |
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|
Term
| What are the subsections of applied anthropology? (4) |
|
Definition
1. development anthropology
2. educational anthropology
3. corporate anthropology
4. medical anthropology |
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Term
| Anthropologists study fieldwork through_____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| through participant observation anthropologists an ____ point of view |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a moral principle (what is right/wrong) |
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Term
| components of moral relativism (3) |
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Definition
1. descriptive: people/cultures disagree about what is right/wrong
2. meta-ethical: right/wrong depends on the culture; no culture is right/wrong
3. all cultures should tolerate all other cultures' practices whether they agree with them or not (normative) |
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Term
| culture is shared & ____ in a society |
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Definition
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|
Term
| culture is learned & _____ in a society |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is responsible for most ______ in ways of thinking and behaving that exist between human societies or groups |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| key points of cultural knowledge (3) |
|
Definition
1. ideas and beliefs are learned as a consequence of being born and growing up
2. an individual doesn't event his/her culture |
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Term
| how is cultural knowledge learned (4) |
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Definition
| observation, imitation, communication, and inference |
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Term
|
Definition
| no hierarchy/everyone equal |
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Term
|
Definition
| class-based society/inequality |
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Term
| cultural universals examples |
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Definition
- taboos
- assignment of roles by social catagory
- organized ways of sharing or exchange (egalitarian/non-egalitarian)
- singing and music
- myths, legends, folklore
- standards of modesty |
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Term
| Components of cultural knowledge (5) |
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Definition
| norms, values, symbols, classifications of reality, worldviews |
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