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| a gradual change in some phenotypic characteristic from one population to the next |
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| timing and details of growth events and development events from conception through senescence and death |
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| any factor that can cause stress in an organism, potentially affecting the body's proper functioning and its homeostasis |
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| refers to the area within the uterus |
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| the speed with which an organism grows in size, often measured as the amount of growth per year |
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| aka baby teeth or milk teeth, this is the first set of teeth, which form in utero and erupt shortly after birth |
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| the process of substituting other foods for the milk produced by the mother |
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| refers to the performance of complex movements and actions that require the control of nerves and muscles |
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| refers to the capacity of the brain to perceive, process, and judge information from the surrounding environment. |
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| refers to the onset of menstruation in an adolescent female |
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| a difference in a physical attribute between the males and females of a species |
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| the end portions of long bones; once they fuse to the diaphyses, the bones stop growing longer |
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| the main midsection, or shaft, portions of long bones; each contains a medullary cavity. |
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| refers to bone reduced to its organic component |
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| a phenotypic change due to multiple factors. such trends can be positive or negative |
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| the process of maturation |
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| refers to an organisms biological changes in later adulthood |
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| the maintenance of the internal environment of an organism within an acceptable range |
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| the cessation of the menstrual cycle, signifying the end of a female's ability to bear children |
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| the loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porour, brittle, and easily fractured |
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| measurement of the human body |
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| biological changes that occur during an individual's lifetime, increasing the individual's fitness in the given environment |
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| refers to an organisms ability to maintain a constant body temperature despite great variations in environmental temperature |
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| the increase in blood vessels diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug; it can also occur in response to hot temperatures |
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| the principle that an animal's size is heat-related; smaller bodies are adapted to hot environments, and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments |
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| the principle that an animal's limb lengths are heat-related; limbs are longer in hot, shorter in cold |
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| a condition in which an organisms body temperature falls below the normal range, which may lead to the loss of proper body functions and , eventually, death |
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Definition
| the decrease in blood vessels diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug; it can also occur in response to cold temperature |
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| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
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| the rate at which an organism's body, while at rest, expends energy to maintain basic bodily functions; measured by the amount of heat given off per kilogram of body weight |
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| refers to the amount of light reflected from the skin that can be measured and used to assess skin color |
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| melanin-producing cells located in the skin's epidermis |
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| a brown pigment that determines the darkness or lightness of a human's skin color due to its concentration in the skin |
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| less than usual sea-level amount of oxygen in the air or in the body |
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| basal metabolic requirement |
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| the minimum amount of energy needed to keep an organism alive |
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| total daily energy expenditure(TDEE) |
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Definition
| the number of calories used by an organism's body during a 24 hour period |
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Definition
| essential chemical nutrients, incluting fat, carbs, and protein, that a body needs to live and to function normally |
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