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1658- claimed that the earth was created in 4004 B.C. Oct. 26 |
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Herbert Spencer and "Spencerism" |
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- 1876 "Principles of Sociology"- claims that europeans dominate the global scene because they are more "fit" to rule.
- People trying to use biological evolution to prove that some races are better than others
- an attitude that claims that the lower classes should not receive assistance.
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- Geologist- 1830 Principles of Geology
- Suggested that the earth was atleast 500,000 years old.
- Studied stratigraphy- (stratification= layering of the Earth's crust)
- Charles Darwin needed Lyell, for darwins perspective to work, a lot of time must pass by.
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- German Born Jew- discriminated against in Germany
- Studies physics in germany-leads to anthropology
- Meets eskimo (inuit) while conducting his physics research
- Sensitive about the european claim that non-europeans were inferior
- Comes to U.S. in the 1880s and is confronted witht h fact that racism is flourishing in the U.S.
- Incoming immigrants not liked by the anglo-americans
- believed that they are "less intelligent" and have smaller brains; however this difference was because of malnutrition
- Boas studies the craniums of children immigrants and compares them over time.
- 1896 "On the Growth of Children"- no signigicant differences between anglo and Immigrant children
- Opposed unilineal evolution- multilineal- starting point and everyone developed in different directions
- Physical anthropology-human races equally intelligent
- Archaeology-Boaz and his students study "past history"- they all change and develop over time
- Linguistic- all have highly developed, complex forms of communication
- Cultural- all cultures are complex
- Unilinealism=Nazi ideology
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| this perspective claims that due to evolution or "survival of the fittest" that some societies are superior to others. |
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A term coined by Darwin to explain biological evolution that scientific racists used to explain social evolution (explain why europeans are "more civilized") Inequality is a result of evolution--- rich vs poor because of survival of the fittest |
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Social scientists of the 1800's who wrote about other cultures and societies without actually visiting them - Usually scientific racists
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