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| The holistic, systematic, and comparative study of humanity |
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language beliefs customs, art, religion, characteristics that are unique to human beings.
-A shared set of understandings |
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| The study of the diversity of past human cultures from our earliest ancestors to the historical present |
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| Change over time through natural selection and genetic inheritance. |
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| Shared set of understandings, learning. |
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thinking, reasoning, remembering
biological and cultural |
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| Any creatuure believed to be in the direct human line |
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walking upright
is the single most salient characteristic of hominins |
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| Archaelogical site that contains homo habilis and oldowan tools |
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Butchering
Quarrying
Multipurpose |
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Interface between humans and environment
Enable humans to manipulate and change surroundings
Extract more energy
Investment-vision of future |
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Personal ornamentation
Portable art
utilitarian and non-utilitarian
Parietal (wall) art |
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| Stabalized between 7000 and 5000 years ago |
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| used an ocean route into the New World rather than moving across land |
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| Running north and south through Alberta and the Laurentide ice sheet |
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| at the end of the Plesitocene, there are giant mammals all over the world |
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| A Theory for Megafauna Extinction |
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Theory for Megafauna Extinction
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| Human Minor Impact=Trophic Cascade |
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Theory for Megafauna Extinction
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Theory for Megafauna Extinction
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| Natural Disasters (Comet Impact, volcanos) |
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| Strategies such as burning, transplanting, weeding employed to encourage the productivity of certain plant or animal species |
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| Intensive tending of a plant species to enhance or ensure production (may include clearing fields, preparing soil, weeding, watering, etc.) |
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| Changes in the physical characteristics of a plant or animal species caused by human manipulation. These species generally become dependent on humans for propagation |
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| Obtaining food from intense use of previously domesticated plants and animals |
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easier to harvest
higher yielding |
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easier to control (safer to handle)
retain fat (more delicious) |
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| Significance of Agriculture |
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-New relationships with the environment
-Long-term changes in the structure and organization of societies that adopt this new way of life
-Foundation of state-level societies that developed around the world |
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| Disadvantages of Agriculture Populations |
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-Higher levels of infection
-Chronic malnutrition
-More anemia
-Shorter statures
-Shorter lives
-Increased warfare and violence
-Less leisure time |
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| Theories of Agriculture Orgins |
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| Environmental change: disruption in usual food supply |
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Theories of Agriculture Origins
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| Gradual Intensification: progressively more intensive use of particularly attractive resources |
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Theories of Agriculture Origins
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| Environmental Change: disruption in usual food supply |
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Theories of Agriculture Origins
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| Gradual Intensification: progressively more intensive use of particularly attractive resources |
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Theories of Agriculture Origins
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| Population Pressure: population cannot be supported by key local resources, and population density too high to move |
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Theories of Agriculture Origins
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| Social Theories: desire to achieve social prestige through the accumulation of surplus food |
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| Theoretical line drawn across northern India to demonstrate technological difference between the early prehistoric tool technologies of the east and west of the old world. |
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| Was the first agricultural revolution. Transition from hunter gatherer to agriculture and settlement. |
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| Prehistoric stautettes of women portrayed with similar attributes from the upper paleolithic |
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